Russian Translation(s) & Details for 'arrest'

English Word: arrest

Key Russian Translations:

• арест [ɐˈrʲest] - [Formal, Noun]
• задержание [zədʲɪrˈʐanʲɪjə] - [Formal/Neutral, Noun]
• задержать [zədʲɪrˈʐatʲ] - [Verb, Action of arresting]

Frequency: Medium (commonly used in legal and everyday contexts)

Difficulty: B1 (Intermediate) for "арест" and "задержание"; B2 (Upper-Intermediate) for verb forms like "задержать" due to conjugation complexity

Pronunciation (Russian):

арест: [ɐˈrʲest]

Note on арест: The stress is on the second syllable. The 'р' sound is rolled, typical in Russian.

задержание: [zədʲɪrˈʐanʲɪjə]

Note on задержание: Stress falls on the third syllable. The 'ж' is a voiced fricative, similar to the 's' in "measure."

задержать: [zədʲɪrˈʐatʲ]

Audio: []

Meanings and Usage:

1. Legal detention or custody (Noun)

Translation(s) & Context:

• арест - Used in formal legal contexts to refer to an official arrest or detention.
• задержание - Refers to the act of detaining someone, often temporarily, by authorities.

Usage Examples:

• Его поместили под арест на 48 часов.

  He was placed under arrest for 48 hours.

• Задержание подозреваемого произошло без инцидентов.

  The detention of the suspect occurred without incidents.

• Суд постановил домашний арест до окончания расследования.

  The court ordered house arrest until the end of the investigation.

2. To take into custody (Verb)

Translation(s) & Context:

• задержать - Refers to the action of detaining or arresting someone, often by police.

Usage Examples:

• Полиция задержала подозреваемого на месте преступления.

  The police arrested the suspect at the crime scene.

• Их задержали за нарушение общественного порядка.

  They were arrested for disturbing public order.

Russian Forms/Inflections:

арест (Noun, Masculine, Inanimate):

задержание (Noun, Neuter, Inanimate): Follows standard neuter noun declension patterns.

задержать (Verb, Perfective): Requires aspectual pairing with imperfective "задерживать" for ongoing actions. Conjugates as a second-conjugation verb.

Russian Synonyms/Antonyms:

Synonyms for арест/задержание:

• заключение (imprisonment, more severe)
• лишение свободы (deprivation of liberty, formal)

Antonyms for арест/задержание:

• освобождение (release)
• отпуск (letting go, informal)

Related Phrases:

• домашний арест - House arrest, a legal restriction to one's home.
• задержать без объяснений - To arrest without explanation, often implying arbitrary action.
• под стражей - Under arrest, used in legal contexts to describe custody.

Usage Notes:

• "арест" is more formal and often implies a legal or court-ordered detention, while "задержание" can refer to temporary detention by police.
• The verb "задержать" is perfective, so it describes a completed action. For ongoing or repeated actions, use the imperfective "задерживать."
• Be cautious with context: "арест" can sometimes imply a longer or more serious detention compared to "задержание."

Common Errors:

• Error: Using "арест" for temporary police detention.
  Incorrect: Полиция сделала арест на улице.
  Correct: Полиция провела задержание на улице.
  Explanation: "арест" implies a formal or prolonged detention, often court-ordered, while "задержание" suits temporary police actions.
• Error: Misusing verb aspects.
  Incorrect: Я задержаю его каждый день.
  Correct: Я задерживаю его каждый день.
  Explanation: Use the imperfective "задерживать" for habitual or ongoing actions.

Cultural Notes:

In Russian-speaking countries, the concept of "арест" often carries historical weight due to past political repressions, especially during the Soviet era. Mentioning "арест" in casual conversation might evoke associations with serious legal or political consequences.

Related Concepts:

• суд (court)
• тюрьма (prison)
• обвинение (accusation)