Russian Translation(s) & Details for 'Approval'

English Word: Approval

Key Russian Translations:

• одобрение [ɐdɐˈbrʲenʲɪjə] - [Formal, Neutral]
• согласие [sɐˈglasʲɪjə] - [Formal, Often used for consent or agreement]
• разрешение [rəzʲrʲɪˈʂenʲɪjə] - [Formal, Often implies permission]

Frequency: Medium

Difficulty: B1 (Intermediate) for "одобрение" and "согласие"; B2 (Upper-Intermediate) for "разрешение"

Pronunciation (Russian):

одобрение: [ɐdɐˈbrʲenʲɪjə]

Note on одобрение: Stress falls on the third syllable. The "р" sound is rolled, typical in Russian.

согласие: [sɐˈglasʲɪjə]

Note on согласие: Stress on the second syllable. The "г" is pronounced as a voiced fricative.

разрешение: [rəzʲrʲɪˈʂenʲɪjə]

Note on разрешение: Stress on the fourth syllable. Pay attention to the soft "р" sound.

Audio: []

Meanings and Usage:

1. Expression of Favor or Support

Translation(s) & Context:

• одобрение - Used to express positive judgment or support, often in formal or neutral contexts (e.g., approval of a plan).

Usage Examples:

• Его проект получил одобрение совета.

  His project received the approval of the council.

• Она кивнула в знак одобрения.

  She nodded in approval.

• Мы ждем вашего одобрения перед началом работы.

  We are waiting for your approval before starting the work.

2. Consent or Agreement

Translation(s) & Context:

• согласие - Often used when referring to consent or mutual agreement (e.g., approval to proceed).

Usage Examples:

• Я дал свое согласие на сделку.

  I gave my approval for the deal.

• Без вашего согласия мы не можем продолжать.

  Without your approval, we cannot proceed.

• Она выразила согласие с предложением.

  She expressed her approval of the proposal.

3. Official Permission

Translation(s) & Context:

• разрешение - Refers to formal permission or authorization (e.g., approval from authorities).

Usage Examples:

• Мы получили разрешение на строительство.

  We received approval for construction.

• Ему нужно разрешение на въезд в страну.

  He needs approval to enter the country.

• Разрешение было выдано после проверки.

  Approval was granted after the inspection.

Russian Forms/Inflections:

одобрение (Noun, Neuter): Follows the regular declension for neuter nouns ending in -ие.

согласие (Noun, Neuter): Follows a similar pattern to "одобрение".

разрешение (Noun, Neuter): Also follows the regular neuter noun declension pattern.

Russian Synonyms/Antonyms:

Synonyms for одобрение:

• похвала (praise, often more personal)
• поддержка (support, broader context)

Antonyms for одобрение:

• осуждение (condemnation)
• отказ (refusal)

Related Phrases:

• выразить одобрение - To express approval.
• дать согласие - To give approval or consent.
• получить разрешение - To receive approval or permission.

Usage Notes:

• "одобрение" is the most neutral and versatile term for "approval," often used in contexts of positive judgment or support.
• "согласие" emphasizes agreement or consent, often in interpersonal or contractual situations.
• "разрешение" is more specific to formal permission or authorization, often tied to legal or official contexts.
• Choose the appropriate term based on the context: use "одобрение" for general approval, "согласие" for consent, and "разрешение" for permission.

Common Errors:

• Error: Using "разрешение" when referring to general approval or support. Incorrect: "Я выразил разрешение на его идею." (I expressed permission for his idea.)
  Correct: "Я выразил одобрение его идеи." (I expressed approval of his idea.)
  Explanation: "разрешение" implies formal permission, not general support or favor.
• Error: Confusing "согласие" with "одобрение" in formal contexts. Incorrect: "Совет дал согласие на проект." (The council gave consent to the project.)
  Correct: "Совет дал одобрение проекту." (The council gave approval to the project.)
  Explanation: "одобрение" is more appropriate for formal or institutional approval.

Cultural Notes:

In Russian culture, expressing "одобрение" or approval often carries a formal tone in professional settings. Non-verbal cues like nodding or a smile may accompany verbal approval in informal contexts. Additionally, seeking "разрешение" (permission) from authorities is often a bureaucratic process, reflecting the importance of hierarchy in certain social and professional environments.

Related Concepts:

• похвала (praise)
• санкция (sanction/approval in legal contexts)
• утверждение (confirmation/approval of decisions)