Russian Translation(s) & Details for 'Antibiotic'

English Word: Antibiotic

Key Russian Translations:

• антибиотик [ˌan.tʲi.bʲɪˈo.tʲɪk] - [Formal, Medical Term]

Frequency: Medium (commonly used in medical and scientific contexts)

Difficulty: B1 (Intermediate)

Pronunciation (Russian):

антибиотик: [ˌan.tʲi.bʲɪˈo.tʲɪk]

Note on антибиотик: Stress falls on the third syllable ("o"). The "и" sounds like the 'i' in "machine".

Audio: []

Meanings and Usage:

1. A substance used to treat bacterial infections (Medical Context)

Translation(s) & Context:

• антибиотик - Used in medical and scientific discussions to refer to drugs like penicillin or amoxicillin.

Usage Examples:

• Врач прописал мне антибиотик для лечения инфекции.

  The doctor prescribed me an antibiotic to treat the infection.

• Антибиотики не помогают против вирусных заболеваний.

  Antibiotics do not help against viral diseases.

• Важно завершить курс антибиотиков, даже если вы чувствуете себя лучше.

  It is important to complete the course of antibiotics, even if you feel better.

• Некоторые антибиотики могут вызывать побочные эффекты.

  Some antibiotics can cause side effects.

• Чрезмерное использование антибиотиков приводит к устойчивости бактерий.

  Overuse of antibiotics leads to bacterial resistance.

Russian Forms/Inflections:

антибиотик is a masculine noun in Russian. It follows the standard declension pattern for masculine nouns ending in a consonant.

Russian Synonyms/Antonyms:

Synonyms:

• противомикробное средство (less common, broader term for antimicrobial agent)

Note: "противомикробное средство" is rarely used in everyday speech and is more technical.

Antonyms:

• None directly applicable (as "antibiotic" is a specific medical term without a direct opposite)

Related Phrases:

• курс антибиотиков - "course of antibiotics" (refers to a prescribed duration of treatment)
• устойчивость к антибиотикам - "resistance to antibiotics" (used in discussions of bacterial resistance)
• принимать антибиотики - "to take antibiotics" (common phrase for using antibiotics as medication)

Usage Notes:

• The term "антибиотик" is a direct borrowing from English and is universally understood in Russian medical contexts. It does not vary in meaning from the English term "antibiotic."
• It is primarily used in formal or scientific contexts. In casual conversation, Russians might simply say "лекарство" (medicine) if the context is clear, though it is less precise.
• Be mindful of the grammatical gender (masculine) when using adjectives or pronouns with "антибиотик."

Common Errors:

• Error: Incorrect case usage, e.g., using nominative "антибиотик" after prepositions requiring genitive or instrumental case. Example: *Я купил антибиотик* (wrong) instead of "Я купил антибиотика" (correct in certain contexts, though accusative is used here as "антибиотик").
• Error: Mispronunciation by stressing the wrong syllable. Example: Stressing the first syllable *[ˈan.tʲi.bʲɪ.o.tʲɪk]* (wrong) instead of the third *[ˌan.tʲi.bʲɪˈo.tʲɪk]* (correct).
• Correction: Always check the required case based on the sentence structure and practice stressing the correct syllable.

Cultural Notes:

In Russia, antibiotics are often strictly regulated, and a prescription is usually required. Overuse of antibiotics is a widely discussed issue, and public health campaigns frequently emphasize responsible usage. The term "антибиотик" may carry connotations of caution due to growing awareness of antibiotic resistance.

Related Concepts:

• лекарство (medicine)
• инфекция (infection)
• бактерия (bacteria)
• резистентность (resistance)