Russian Translation(s) & Details for 'Annual'

English Word: Annual

Key Russian Translations:

• ежегодный [jeʒɨˈɡodnɨj] - [Formal, Adjective]
• годовой [ɡədɐˈvoj] - [Formal, Adjective]

Frequency: Medium

Difficulty: A2 (Beginner-Intermediate) for both translations

Pronunciation (Russian):

ежегодный: [jeʒɨˈɡodnɨj]

Note on ежегодный: Stress falls on the third syllable. The "е" sounds like "ye" in "yes."

годовой: [ɡədɐˈvoj]

Note on годовой: Stress on the second syllable. The "о" is reduced to a schwa sound in unstressed position.

Audio: []

Meanings and Usage:

1. Happening Once a Year

Translation(s) & Context:

• ежегодный - Used for events, meetings, or recurring activities that happen every year (e.g., annual conference).

Usage Examples:

• Ежегодная конференция состоится в декабре.

  The annual conference will take place in December.

• Мы проводим ежегодный праздник для сотрудников.

  We hold an annual celebration for employees.

• Ежегодные отчеты должны быть готовы к понедельнику.

  The annual reports must be ready by Monday.

2. Related to a Year’s Duration or Total

Translation(s) & Context:

• годовой - Often used for quantities, summaries, or measurements over a year (e.g., annual income).

Usage Examples:

• Годовой доход компании вырос на 10%.

  The company’s annual income increased by 10%.

• Мы составляем годовой план бюджета.

  We are preparing the annual budget plan.

• Годовая подписка стоит дешевле.

  An annual subscription costs less.

Russian Forms/Inflections:

ежегодный (Adjective): Declines according to standard Russian adjective rules based on gender, number, and case.

годовой (Adjective): Follows similar adjective declension patterns as above.

Russian Synonyms/Antonyms:

Synonyms:

• годичный (less common, formal)

Note: "годичный" is rarely used in everyday speech and often appears in scientific or formal contexts.

Antonyms:

• ежемесячный (monthly)
• ежедневный (daily)

Related Phrases:

• ежегодный отчет - Annual report (used in business or organizational contexts).
• годовой доход - Annual income (used for financial summaries).
• ежегодное собрание - Annual meeting (common for corporate or community events).

Usage Notes:

• ежегодный is typically used for events or recurring activities and emphasizes the repetition each year. It’s the more common choice for "annual" in the context of events.
• годовой is more appropriate for measurements, totals, or durations over a year, such as income or subscriptions.
• Both terms are formal and suitable for written or professional contexts. In casual speech, Russians might describe something as happening "каждый год" (every year) instead of using an adjective.

Common Errors:

• Mixing up ежегодный and годовой: English speakers often use them interchangeably, but they are not. For example, saying "годовой праздник" for "annual holiday" is incorrect; it should be "ежегодный праздник." Conversely, "ежегодный доход" for "annual income" sounds unnatural; use "годовой доход."
• Incorrect adjective agreement: Failing to match the adjective to the noun’s gender, number, or case is a common mistake. For example, "ежегодная отчет" is wrong; it should be "ежегодный отчет" (masculine noun).

Cultural Notes:

In Russian culture, annual events like "ежегодный праздник" often carry significant importance, especially around traditional holidays or corporate milestones. Terms like "годовой отчет" (annual report) are critical in business settings, reflecting a formal approach to yearly evaluations.

Related Concepts:

• год (year)
• периодический (periodic)
• сезонный (seasonal)