Russian Translation(s) & Details for 'animadvert'

English Word: animadvert

Key Russian Translations:

• Критиковать [kri.ti.ko.'vatʲ] - [Formal, commonly used in written or spoken critiques]
• Осуждать [a.'suʒ.datʲ] - [Informal, often in everyday conversations or emotional contexts]
• Упрека́ть [u.prʲi.'ka.tʲ] - [Semi-formal, implying reproach or mild criticism]

Frequency: Medium (The word 'animadvert' is relatively rare in English, and its Russian equivalents are used moderately in literature, media, and discussions, but not in casual daily speech.)

Difficulty: B2 (Intermediate; requires understanding of verb conjugations and nuanced contexts. For 'Критиковать' and 'Осуждать', it's B2; 'Упрека́ть' may be B1 if focusing on basic forms.)

Pronunciation (Russian):

Критиковать: [kri.ti.ko.'vatʲ] (Stress on the third syllable; the 'т' is soft, common in Russian verbs.)

Осуждать: [a.'suʒ.datʲ] (The 'ж' sound is like the 's' in 'measure'; stress on the second syllable.)

Упрека́ть: [u.prʲi.'ka.tʲ] (Stress on the third syllable; note the palatalized 'рʲ' which can be tricky for learners.)

Note on Критиковать: This verb has a soft ending, so the final 'тʲ' may sound like a softened 't' followed by a faint 'y' sound. Variations in regional accents (e.g., in Moscow vs. St. Petersburg) might slightly alter vowel lengths.

Audio: []

Meanings and Usage:

To criticize or express disapproval formally (primary meaning of 'animadvert').

Translation(s) & Context:

• Критиковать - Used in formal settings, such as academic papers, news articles, or debates, to denote reasoned criticism.
• Осуждать - Applied in informal or emotional contexts, like personal opinions or social media, to show disapproval.
• Упрека́ть - Often in interpersonal relationships, implying gentle or reproachful criticism.

Usage Examples:

• Он часто критикует политиков в своих статьях. (He often animadverts on politicians in his articles.)

  He often criticizes politicians in his articles. (This example shows 'Критиковать' in a formal, written context.)

• Друзья осуждают его решение уйти из компании. (Friends animadvert on his decision to leave the company.)

  Friends disapprove of his decision to leave the company. (Here, 'Осуждать' is used in an informal, social context with emotional undertones.)

• Она упрекает сына за неуспехи в школе. (She animadverts on her son for his failures at school.)

  She reproaches her son for his failures at school. (This illustrates 'Упрека́ть' in a familial, mildly critical scenario.)

• Критики осуждают новый фильм за его сюжет. (Critics animadvert on the new film for its plot.)

  Critics disapprove of the new film for its plot. (Combines translations to show versatility in media critique.)

• В дискуссии он критикует экономическую политику. (In the discussion, he animadverts on the economic policy.)

  In the discussion, he criticizes the economic policy. (Demonstrates 'Критиковать' in a debate, highlighting grammatical flexibility.)

To express severe disapproval or moral judgment (secondary, less common meaning).

Translation(s) & Context:

• Осуждать - In contexts involving ethics or morality, such as legal or social issues.

Usage Examples:

• Общество осуждает такие поступки. (Society animadverts on such actions.)

  Society disapproves of such actions. (Shows 'Осуждать' in a broader social context.)

• Он осуждает коррупцию в правительстве. (He animadverts on corruption in the government.)

  He strongly disapproves of corruption in the government. (Emphasizes moral judgment.)

Russian Forms/Inflections:

All key translations are verbs, which undergo conjugation based on tense, aspect, person, and number in Russian. 'Критиковать', 'Осуждать', and 'Упрека́ть' are imperfective verbs, meaning they describe ongoing or repeated actions.

These verbs follow regular conjugation patterns for first-conjugation verbs in Russian. There are no irregularities, but aspect changes (e.g., perfective forms like 'скритиковать' for completed actions) may apply in specific contexts.

Russian Synonyms/Antonyms:

• Synonyms:
  • Осуждать (similar to 'animadvert' but more emotional)
  • Упрека́ть (milder, often in personal contexts)
  • Поношать (more intense, derogatory criticism)
• Antonyms:
  • Хвалить (to praise)
  • Одобрять (to approve)

Related Phrases:

• Критиковать sharply - Критиковать резко (To criticize harshly; used in debates or reviews to indicate strong disapproval.)
• Осуждать общественно - Осуждать общественно (To publicly disapprove; common in social or political contexts.)
• Упрека́ть в ошибках - Упрека́ть в ошибках (To reproach for mistakes; often in educational or familial settings.)

Usage Notes:

'Animadvert' is a formal English word that best aligns with 'Критиковать' in written or intellectual contexts, while 'Осуждать' suits informal disapproval. Be mindful of the verb's aspect in Russian; use imperfective for ongoing criticism. In formal Russian, pair these with adverbs like 'резко' (sharply) to match the intensity of 'animadvert'. When choosing among translations, opt for 'Критиковать' in academic settings and 'Осуждать' in everyday speech to ensure naturalness.

• Grammar note: These verbs require agreement with the subject in person and number.
• Context tip: Avoid 'Упрека́ть' in neutral critiques, as it implies a personal relationship.

Common Errors:

English learners often misuse tense: for example, saying "Я критикую вчера" (incorrect; mixes present and past). Correct usage is "Я критиковал вчера" (I criticized yesterday). Another error is confusing synonyms; learners might use 'Осуждать' interchangeably with 'Критиковать', but the former is more emotional—e.g., wrong: "Он осуждает книгу" (if it's a neutral review); right: "Он критикует книгу".

Cultural Notes:

In Russian culture, criticism like that implied by 'animadvert' is often indirect in social interactions to maintain harmony, especially in professional settings. Words like 'Критиковать' may carry historical connotations from Soviet-era debates, where public disapproval was a tool for ideological control, influencing their use in modern discussions.

Related Concepts:

• Анализировать (to analyze)
• Оценивать (to evaluate)
• Поощрять (to encourage, as a contrast)