Russian Translation(s) & Details for 'amputate'

English Word: amputate

Key Russian Translations:

• ампутировать /am.pu.ti.ro.vatʲ/ - [Formal, Medical context]

Frequency: Low (Primarily used in specialized medical and professional contexts; not common in everyday conversation.)

Difficulty: B2 (Intermediate) - Requires familiarity with medical terminology and verb conjugations in Russian.

Pronunciation (Russian):

ампутировать: /am.pu.ti.ro.vatʲ/

Note on ампутировать: The stress is on the third syllable ("ti"), and the ending "-ить" often softens in pronunciation. Pay attention to the palatalized 'тʲ' sound, which is a common challenge for English speakers.

Audio: []

Meanings and Usage:

Primary meaning: To surgically remove a limb or part of the body due to injury, disease, or medical necessity.

Translation(s) & Context:

• ампутировать - Used in formal medical or surgical contexts, often in professional healthcare discussions or reports.

Usage Examples:

• Врачи были вынуждены ампутировать ногу пациента после аварии.

  The doctors were forced to amputate the patient's leg after the accident.

• В военное время иногда приходится ампутировать конечности, чтобы спасти жизнь.

  In wartime, limbs sometimes have to be amputated to save a life.

• Хирург решил ампутировать повреждённый палец, чтобы предотвратить инфекцию.

  The surgeon decided to amputate the damaged finger to prevent infection.

• Если не ампутировать опухоль timely, она может распространиться на другие органы.

  If the tumor is not amputated in time, it could spread to other organs. (Note: This uses the verb in a metaphorical medical context.)

• В современной медицине врачи стараются ампутировать только в крайних случаях, предпочитая другие методы.

  In modern medicine, doctors try to amputate only as a last resort, preferring other methods.

Russian Forms/Inflections:

"Ампутировать" is a first-conjugation verb in Russian, which follows regular patterns but has specific inflections based on tense, aspect, and person. It is imperfective in form and often paired with perfective aspects for complete actions. Below is a table outlining key inflections:

Note: This verb does not have irregular forms, but aspect changes (e.g., to perfective "ампутировать" might relate to "отампутировать" in some contexts) should be learned separately for nuanced usage.

Russian Synonyms/Antonyms:

• Synonyms:
  • удалить - More general term for removal, often used interchangeably in non-surgical contexts.
  • экстирпировать - A more technical synonym, implying complete eradication, typically in oncology.
• Antonyms:
  • сохранить - To preserve or save.
  • восстановить - To restore or reconstruct.

Related Phrases:

• хирургическая ампутация - Surgical amputation; a common phrase in medical procedures.
• ампутировать конечность - To amputate a limb; used in emergency medical discussions.
• принудительная ампутация - Forced amputation; implies necessity due to trauma.

Usage Notes:

This translation corresponds directly to the English "amputate" in medical contexts, but it's highly formal and restricted to professional settings like hospitals or surgical reports. Avoid using it in casual conversation, as it may sound overly technical. When choosing between translations, "ампутировать" is preferred for precise surgical removal, while "удалить" might suffice for less invasive extractions. Grammatically, ensure correct verb conjugation based on subject gender and number, as Russian verbs agree with their subjects.

• In sentences, it's often used with direct objects, e.g., "ампутировать ногу" (amputate the leg).
• Be mindful of aspect: Use imperfective for ongoing actions and perfective counterparts for completed ones.

Common Errors:

English learners often confuse "ампутировать" with "удалить," leading to overuse of the latter in surgical contexts where precision is needed. For example:

• Error: Using "удалить" for a surgical amputation, e.g., "Врачи удалили ногу" (incorrect implication of simple removal).
• Correct: "Врачи ампутировали ногу" - This specifies the surgical procedure and avoids ambiguity.
• Another common mistake is incorrect conjugation, e.g., saying "ампутируетс" instead of "ампутирует" for third-person singular, which can make the sentence grammatically incorrect.

Cultural Notes:

In Russian culture and medical history, amputation has been a significant topic due to events like wars (e.g., World War II), where it was a common procedure for soldiers. This term carries a somber connotation, often linked to resilience and survival in literature and media, such as in Soviet-era stories about veterans.

Related Concepts:

• хирургия (surgery)
• травма (trauma)
• реабилитация (rehabilitation)