Russian Translation(s) & Details for 'amerce'

English Word: amerce

Key Russian Translations:

• штрафовать [ʂtrɐˈfovətʲ] - [Formal, Legal context]

Frequency: Low (This verb is not commonly used in everyday conversation but appears in legal or historical texts.)

Difficulty: B2 (Intermediate; requires understanding of Russian verb conjugations and formal language structures.)

Pronunciation (Russian):

штрафовать: [ʂtrɐˈfovətʲ]

Note on штрафовать: The initial 'ш' sound is a voiceless retroflex fricative, which can be challenging for English speakers; it sounds similar to the 'sh' in 'shoe' but with a more rolled quality. Variations may occur in regional dialects.

Audio: []

Meanings and Usage:

To impose a fine as a punishment (primary meaning of 'amerce')

Translation(s) & Context:

• штрафовать - Used in formal legal or administrative contexts, such as court proceedings or regulatory enforcement.

Usage Examples:

• Судья оштрафовал водителя за превышение скорости.

  The judge fined the driver for speeding.

• Власти штрафуют компании, которые не соблюдают экологические нормы.

  Authorities fine companies that do not comply with environmental regulations.

• Если вы паркуетесь в запрещённом месте, полиция может оштрафовать вас на месте.

  If you park in a prohibited area, the police may fine you on the spot.

• В исторических текстах король мог штрафовать подданных за преступления против короны.

  In historical texts, the king could amercement subjects for crimes against the crown.

Russian Forms/Inflections:

"Штрафовать" is a first-conjugation verb in Russian, which means it follows regular patterns for most forms. It is intransitive and imperfective. Below is a table outlining its key inflections:

Note: This verb does not have irregular forms, making it relatively straightforward once the conjugation patterns are learned.

Russian Synonyms/Antonyms:

• Synonyms:
  • наказывать [nəˈkazɨvətʲ] - More general term for punishing, often used in broader contexts.
  • взыскивать [vzɨˈskʲivətʲ] - Implies demanding payment, suitable for financial penalties.
• Antonyms:
  • прощать [prɐˈʂatʲ] - To forgive, contrasting with imposing a fine.
  • освобождать [ɐsvɐˈbɐʐdətʲ] - To release or exempt from punishment.

Related Phrases:

• наложить штраф [nəˈloʐʲitʲ ʂtraf] - To impose a fine; often used in official documents or legal settings.
• уплатить штраф [ʊˈplatʲitʲ ʂtraf] - To pay a fine; common in everyday administrative interactions.
• штраф за нарушение [ʂtraf zə nɐˈruʂənʲije] - Fine for violation; a phrase highlighting the reason for the penalty.

Usage Notes:

"Штрафовать" directly corresponds to the archaic English verb "amerce," which is rarely used today but implies a formal punishment through fines. In Russian, it is typically confined to formal or legal contexts, so avoid using it in casual conversation. When choosing between synonyms like "наказывать," opt for "штрафовать" if the punishment specifically involves a monetary fine. Grammatically, ensure the verb agrees with the subject in person, number, and tense, as Russian verbs require full conjugation.

• Contextual tip: In modern Russian, this word is more common in written laws or reports rather than spoken language.
• Multiple translations: If the context is historical, "штрафовать" fits best; for general punishment, consider "наказывать."

Common Errors:

English learners often confuse "штрафовать" with "штраф" (the noun for fine), leading to incorrect sentence structures. For example:

• Error: "Я штраф" (incorrect, as this mixes verb and noun forms).
• Correct: "Я плачу штраф" (I am paying the fine). Explanation: Use the full verb form and ensure proper conjugation; "штрафовать" must be in the appropriate tense.
• Another common mistake: Overusing in informal settings, e.g., saying "Я штрафую друга" for a casual scolding, which sounds unnatural. Instead, use in legal contexts only.

Cultural Notes:

In Russian culture and legal history, fines like those implied by "штрафовать" have roots in tsarist and Soviet-era practices, where monetary penalties were a common form of discipline. Today, they reflect a broader emphasis on regulatory compliance in Russian society, often tied to bureaucratic processes that English speakers might find overly formal.

Related Concepts:

• наказание [nəˈkazɨnʲije] - Punishment
• нарушение [nɐˈruʂənʲije] - Violation
• суд [sut] - Court