Russian Translation(s) & Details for 'Agricultural'

English Word: agricultural

Key Russian Translations:

• сельскохозяйственный [sʲɪlʲˈskoxozʲaɪstvʲɪnnɨj] - [Formal, Adjective]
• аграрный [ɐˈɡrarɨj] - [Formal, Adjective, Often used in economic or policy contexts]

Frequency: Medium

Difficulty: B1 (Intermediate) for both translations

Pronunciation (Russian):

сельскохозяйственный: [sʲɪlʲˈskoxozʲaɪstvʲɪnnɨj]

Note on сельскохозяйственный: Stress falls on the fifth syllable ("hoz"). The cluster "ск" can be challenging for non-native speakers.

аграрный: [ɐˈɡrarɨj]

Note on аграрный: Stress on the second syllable ("гра"). The soft "р" sound requires practice.

Audio: []

Meanings and Usage:

1. Related to farming or agriculture (general sense)

Translation(s) & Context:

• сельскохозяйственный - Commonly used for anything directly related to farming, tools, or land.

Usage Examples:

• Сельскохозяйственная техника очень дорогая.

  Agricultural machinery is very expensive.

• Мы посетили сельскохозяйственную выставку.

  We visited an agricultural exhibition.

• Сельскохозяйственные работы начинаются весной.

  Agricultural work begins in spring.

2. Related to agricultural policy or economy

Translation(s) & Context:

• аграрный - Used in formal or academic contexts, often related to policy, reforms, or economic systems.

Usage Examples:

• Аграрная реформа изменила экономику страны.

  The agricultural reform changed the country's economy.

• Это университет с сильной аграрной программой.

  This is a university with a strong agricultural program.

Russian Forms/Inflections:

сельскохозяйственный (Adjective): Declines according to standard Russian adjective rules based on gender, number, and case.

аграрный (Adjective): Follows similar declension patterns as above.

Russian Synonyms/Antonyms:

Synonyms for сельскохозяйственный:

• фермерский (more informal, related to "farmer")

Synonyms for аграрный:

• сельский (broader term, often means "rural")

Antonyms:

• промышленный (industrial)
• городской (urban)

Related Phrases:

• сельскохозяйственная продукция - Agricultural products
• аграрная политика - Agricultural policy
• сельскохозяйственный труд - Agricultural labor

Usage Notes:

• "сельскохозяйственный" is the more common and versatile term for anything directly tied to farming or agricultural practices.
• "аграрный" is typically used in formal discussions about policy, economy, or history, and is less common in everyday speech.
• Be mindful of adjective agreement with the noun's gender, number, and case in Russian sentences.

Common Errors:

• Error: Using "аграрный" in casual contexts about farming tools or land.
  Incorrect: Аграрная техника (sounds unnatural).
  Correct: Сельскохозяйственная техника.
• Error: Failing to adjust adjective endings based on noun gender or case.
  Incorrect: Сельскохозяйственный земля (wrong gender agreement).
  Correct: Сельскохозяйственная земля.

Cultural Notes:

Agriculture has deep historical significance in Russia, with vast rural areas and a legacy of collective farming (kolkhozes) during the Soviet era. Terms like "сельскохозяйственный" often evoke associations with traditional village life or state-driven agricultural initiatives.

Related Concepts:

• ферма (farm)
• урожай (harvest)
• крестьянин (peasant/farmer)