Russian Translation(s) & Details for 'adrenaline'

English Word: adrenaline

Key Russian Translations:

• адреналин (/ɐ.drʲɪˈna.lʲɪn/) - [Formal, Scientific/Medical Context]

Frequency: Medium - Commonly used in medical, scientific, and everyday discussions related to biology or stress responses, but not in casual conversation.

Difficulty: B2 (Intermediate) - Requires familiarity with scientific vocabulary; suitable for learners with a good grasp of basic Russian grammar and terminology.

Pronunciation (Russian):

адреналин: /ɐ.drʲɪˈna.lʲɪn/

Note on адреналин: The stress falls on the third syllable ('na'), which is common in Russian loanwords. Be mindful of the palatalized 'л' sound, which can be tricky for English speakers. Pronunciation may vary slightly in fast speech.

Audio: []

Meanings and Usage:

Primary Meaning: A hormone produced by the adrenal glands that increases heart rate and energy in response to stress.

Translation(s) & Context:

• адреналин - Used in formal medical or biological contexts to describe the hormone; often in discussions of fight-or-flight responses.

Usage Examples:

• Когда человек испытывает страх, в его организме вырабатывается адреналин.

  When a person experiences fear, adrenaline is produced in their body.

• Экстремальные виды спорта вызывают выброс адреналина в кровь.

  Extreme sports cause a rush of adrenaline into the blood.

• Врачи ввели пациенту адреналин, чтобы стабилизировать его состояние.

  Doctors administered adrenaline to the patient to stabilize his condition.

• Адреналин помогает преодолеть усталость во время интенсивных тренировок.

  Adrenaline helps overcome fatigue during intense workouts.

• Избыток адреналина может привести к проблемам с сердцем, поэтому его уровень нужно контролировать.

  An excess of adrenaline can lead to heart problems, so its levels need to be monitored.

Secondary Meaning: Figurative use for excitement or thrill.

Translation(s) & Context:

• адреналин - Informal or metaphorical contexts, such as in adventure or entertainment; implies a surge of energy or emotion.

Usage Examples:

• Этот фильм полон адреналина от начала и до конца.

  This movie is full of adrenaline from start to finish.

• Ей нужен адреналин, чтобы чувствовать себя живой, поэтому она занимается парашютным спортом.

  She needs adrenaline to feel alive, so she engages in skydiving.

• Концерт рок-группы дал мне дозу адреналина на весь вечер.

  The rock band concert gave me a dose of adrenaline for the whole evening.

Russian Forms/Inflections:

"Адреналин" is a masculine noun (masc. inanimate) in Russian, following the standard third-declension pattern for loanwords ending in a consonant. It undergoes regular inflection based on case and number. Below is a table of its key inflections:

Note: The plural forms are less common, as "адреналин" is typically used in singular contexts, but they may appear in scientific discussions of multiple instances.

Russian Synonyms/Antonyms:

• Synonyms:
  • адреналин (no direct synonyms, but related: гормон стресса - hormone of stress)
  • эпинефрин (another term for the same hormone, used interchangeably in medical contexts)
• Antonyms:
  • релаксант (relaxant - implies the opposite effect, promoting calm)

Note: "Эпинефрин" is a near-synonym and may be used in more technical settings, highlighting the chemical name variation.

Related Phrases:

• Выброс адреналина - Surge of adrenaline; used to describe a sudden rush in exciting situations.
• Доза адреналина - Dose of adrenaline; common in contexts of adventure or thrill-seeking.
• Адреналиновый rush - Adrenaline rush; a direct borrowing for informal descriptions of excitement.

Usage Notes:

"Адреналин" directly corresponds to the English "adrenaline" in both literal and figurative senses, making it a straightforward translation for medical or everyday use. However, in Russian, it's primarily formal and scientific; avoid using it in casual chit-chat unless discussing emotions metaphorically. When choosing between translations, stick with "адреналин" for accuracy, as it's the standard term. Grammatically, remember its masculine noun status for agreement with adjectives and verbs (e.g., "адреналин быстро действует" - adrenaline acts quickly).

Common Errors:

• Error: Mispronouncing as /a.dre.'na.lin/ without palatalization. Correct: Use /ɐ.drʲɪˈna.lʲɪn/ to reflect the soft 'р' and 'л' sounds. Explanation: English speakers often overlook Russian palatalization, which changes the word's natural flow.

• Error: Using in the wrong case, e.g., saying "Я чувствую адреналин" instead of "Я чувствую прилив адреналина" in genitive for proper context. Correct: "Прилив адреналина" (a rush of adrenaline). Explanation: Russian requires precise case usage to convey relationships, which can confuse learners from less inflected languages.

Cultural Notes:

In Russian culture, "адреналин" is often associated with extreme sports, adventure literature, and historical contexts like wartime heroism, reflecting a national emphasis on resilience and excitement. For instance, it's frequently mentioned in stories about Soviet-era explorers, symbolizing human endurance under stress.

Related Concepts:

• гормон (hormone)
• стресс (stress)
• эмоции (emotions)
• биология (biology)