Russian Translation(s) & Details for 'Accrue'

English Word: accrue

Key Russian Translations:

• накапливаться [nɐkɐˈplʲivətʲsə] - [Neutral, Used for accumulation over time]
• начисляться [nɐˈtɕislʲətʲsə] - [Formal, Often used in financial contexts]

Frequency: Medium

Difficulty: B2 (Intermediate) for both translations

Pronunciation (Russian):

накапливаться: [nɐkɐˈplʲivətʲsə]

Note on накапливаться: Stress falls on the third syllable; the 'л' sound is palatalized.

начисляться: [nɐˈtɕislʲətʲsə]

Note on начисляться: Stress on the second syllable; 'ч' is a soft affricate sound.

Audio: []

Meanings and Usage:

1. To accumulate or increase over time (general sense)

Translation(s) & Context:

• накапливаться - Used for gradual accumulation, often of intangible things like experience or knowledge.

Usage Examples:

• Опыт накапливается с годами.

  Experience accrues over the years.

• Пыль накапливается на полках.

  Dust accrues on the shelves.

• Усталость накапливается к концу дня.

  Fatigue accrues by the end of the day.

2. To be added or credited (financial or legal context)

Translation(s) & Context:

• начисляться - Commonly used for interest, bonuses, or penalties being credited or charged.

Usage Examples:

• Проценты начисляются ежемесячно.

  Interest accrues monthly.

• Штрафы начисляются за просрочку платежа.

  Penalties accrue for late payments.

Russian Forms/Inflections:

накапливаться (Imperfective Verb, Reflexive): This verb follows regular conjugation patterns for reflexive verbs in the imperfective aspect. It indicates an ongoing or repeated action.

начисляться (Imperfective Verb, Reflexive): Similar to накапливаться, it is a reflexive verb with regular conjugation in the imperfective aspect, often used in formal contexts.

Russian Synonyms/Antonyms:

Synonyms for накапливаться:

• собираться (to gather, often less formal)
• прибавляться (to increase, incremental growth)

Synonyms for начисляться:

• присуждаться (to be awarded, often for bonuses or penalties)

Antonyms:

• уменьшаться (to decrease, to diminish)
• теряться (to be lost, in the sense of losing accrued benefits)

Related Phrases:

• накапливаться постепенно - "to accrue gradually" (used for slow, steady accumulation)
• начисляться на счёт - "to be credited to an account" (common in banking contexts)
• накапливать опыт - "to accrue experience" (used for personal or professional growth)

Usage Notes:

• While both накапливаться and начисляться can translate "accrue," the former is broader and often applies to intangible or physical accumulation (e.g., experience, dust), while the latter is more specific to formal or financial contexts (e.g., interest, penalties).
• Pay attention to the reflexive nature of both verbs, which requires the suffix "-ся" in conjugation. Omitting it changes the meaning or renders the sentence ungrammatical.
• In spoken Russian, накапливаться is more versatile and frequent, while начисляться may sound bureaucratic or technical.

Common Errors:

• Error: Using начисляться for non-financial contexts. For example, saying "Опыт начисляется" (Experience is credited) is incorrect and sounds unnatural. Correct: "Опыт накапливается."
• Error: Forgetting the reflexive "-ся" ending, e.g., "накапливаю" instead of "накапливаюсь." This changes the verb to a transitive form, implying active accumulation by the subject, which may not fit the context of "accrue."

Cultural Notes:

In Russian financial and legal contexts, the concept of accrual (especially with начисляться) often carries a bureaucratic tone due to its frequent use in official documentation. Understanding this nuance can help English speakers grasp the formal register of such terms in Russian communication.

Related Concepts:

• увеличиваться (to increase)
• прирост (increment, growth)
• добавление (addition)