Russian Translation(s) & Details for 'According'

English Word: according

Key Russian Translations:

• согласно [ˈsoglasnə] - [Formal, Prepositional]
• в соответствии с [v səˈotvetstvii s] - [Formal, Often used in legal or official contexts]
• по [pə] - [Informal, Depends on context, often with dative case]

Frequency: Medium (commonly used in formal and written contexts)

Difficulty: B1 (Intermediate) for "согласно" and "по"; B2 (Upper-Intermediate) for "в соответствии с"

Pronunciation (Russian):

согласно: [ˈsoglasnə]

Note on согласно: Stress falls on the first syllable; the "o" sounds like a short "o".

в соответствии с: [v səˈotvetstvii s]

Note on в соответствии с: Stress on "otvetstvii"; often pronounced quickly in fluent speech.

по: [pə]

Audio: []

Meanings and Usage:

1. Based on or in agreement with something (Formal)

Translation(s) & Context:

• согласно - Used in formal or written contexts to indicate agreement with a source or rule.
• в соответствии с - Highly formal, often used in legal, official, or academic texts.

Usage Examples:

• Согласно договору, оплата должна быть произведена до конца месяца.

  According to the contract, payment must be made by the end of the month.

• В соответствии с законом, все граждане обязаны платить налоги.

  According to the law, all citizens are required to pay taxes.

• Согласно прогнозу, завтра будет дождь.

  According to the forecast, it will rain tomorrow.

2. As stated by or depending on (Informal/Neutral)

Translation(s) & Context:

• по - Often used in less formal contexts, paired with the dative case.

Usage Examples:

• По словам свидетеля, авария произошла утром.

  According to the witness, the accident happened in the morning.

• По моему мнению, это правильное решение.

  According to my opinion, this is the right decision.

Russian Forms/Inflections:

согласно: This is a preposition and does not inflect. It is always used with the dative case (e.g., согласно чему-то).

в соответствии с: This is a fixed phrase and does not change form. It is also used with the instrumental case (e.g., в соответствии с чем-то).

по: This preposition does not inflect and is used with the dative case in this context (e.g., по чему-то).

Russian Synonyms/Antonyms:

Synonyms:

• на основании (based on, more formal)
• исходя из (based on, situational)

Note: "на основании" is often used in legal contexts, while "исходя из" is broader and situational.

Antonyms:

• вопреки (contrary to)
• несмотря на (despite)

Related Phrases:

• согласно правилам - According to the rules.
• в соответствии с планом - According to the plan.
• по данным - According to the data.

Usage Notes:

• "согласно" is the most versatile and commonly used translation for "according" in formal contexts. It pairs with the dative case.
• "в соответствии с" is more formal and often appears in written or official language, paired with the instrumental case.
• "по" is a shorter, less formal option, often used with expressions like "по словам" (according to someone’s words). It requires the dative case.
• Choosing the correct translation depends on the formality of the context and the grammatical case required by the preposition.

Common Errors:

• Error: Using "согласно" with the wrong case (e.g., *согласно закона instead of согласно закону).

  Correction: "согласно" must be followed by the dative case, as in "согласно закону" (according to the law).

• Error: Overusing "в соответствии с" in casual speech, which sounds unnatural.

  Correction: Reserve "в соответствии с" for formal or written contexts; use "согласно" or "по" in everyday speech.

Cultural Notes:

In Russian, formal expressions like "в соответствии с" are often used in bureaucratic or legal contexts, reflecting a cultural emphasis on precision and formality in official communication. Using such phrases in casual conversation may come across as overly stiff or out of place.

Related Concepts:

• основание (basis)
• правило (rule)
• закон (law)