Russian Translation(s) & Details for 'Additional'

English Word: additional

Key Russian Translations:

• дополнительный [dəpɐlˈnʲitʲɪlʲnɨj] - [Formal, Adjective]
• ещё [jɪˈʃo] - [Informal, Adverb, Often used for emphasis]

Frequency: High (widely used in both formal and informal contexts)

Difficulty: A2 (Beginner-Intermediate for "ещё"; Intermediate for "дополнительный")

Pronunciation (Russian):

дополнительный: [dəpɐlˈnʲitʲɪlʲnɨj]

Note on дополнительный: Stress falls on the third syllable. The soft "л" sound can be tricky for non-native speakers.

ещё: [jɪˈʃo]

Note on ещё: The stress is on the second syllable. It’s a short word but often mispronounced as "yesho."

Audio: []

Meanings and Usage:

1. Something extra or supplementary (Adjective)

Translation(s) & Context:

• дополнительный - Used in formal or neutral contexts to describe something added or extra (e.g., additional information).

Usage Examples:

• У вас есть дополнительная информация?

  Do you have additional information?

• Мне нужно дополнительное время для завершения работы.

  I need additional time to complete the work.

• Дополнительные расходы будут покрыты компанией.

  Additional expenses will be covered by the company.

2. More of something (Adverb)

Translation(s) & Context:

• ещё - Used informally to mean "more" or "still" in the sense of adding something (e.g., additional items or actions).

Usage Examples:

• Дайте мне ещё один кусок торта.

  Give me one additional piece of cake.

• Я хочу ещё раз попробовать.

  I want to try one additional time.

• У нас есть ещё несколько вопросов.

  We have a few additional questions.

Russian Forms/Inflections:

дополнительный (Adjective): This word follows standard Russian adjective declension rules based on gender, number, and case.

ещё (Adverb): This word is invariable and does not change form regardless of context.

Russian Synonyms/Antonyms:

Synonyms for дополнительный:

• добавочный - often used for physical additions (e.g., extra portion)
• прибавочный - less common, used in specific contexts like salary increments

Synonyms for ещё:

• добавочно - rare, formal alternative for "more"

Antonyms for дополнительный:

• основной - meaning "main" or "primary"

Related Phrases:

• дополнительное образование - "additional education" (refers to extracurricular or further studies)
• ещё раз - "one more time" (common expression for repetition)
• ещё немного - "a little more" (used to request a small additional amount)

Usage Notes:

• "Дополнительный" is typically used as an adjective in formal or neutral contexts to describe something extra or supplementary. It must agree in gender, number, and case with the noun it modifies.
• "Ещё" is more versatile and informal, often functioning as an adverb meaning "more" or "still." It can also be used for emphasis, which doesn’t always translate directly to "additional" in English.
• Choosing between these translations depends on the sentence structure and formality. Use "дополнительный" for descriptive purposes and "ещё" for quantity or repetition.

Common Errors:

• Error: Using "ещё" as an adjective instead of "дополнительный." Example of incorrect usage: *ещё информация (wrong)* vs. correct: дополнительная информация (additional information).
• Error: Misplacing stress in "дополнительный," pronouncing it as [dəˈpɐlnʲitʲɪlʲnɨj] instead of [dəpɐlˈnʲitʲɪlʲnɨj]. Stress should be on the third syllable.
• Error: Overusing "ещё" in formal writing where "дополнительный" would be more appropriate.

Cultural Notes:

In Russian, the concept of "ещё" often carries a conversational tone and can imply persistence or insistence when asking for "more" of something. It’s commonly used in everyday speech to soften requests (e.g., "ещё немного" - just a little more), reflecting a cultural tendency to avoid directness in casual interactions.

Related Concepts:

• прибавка - increment or addition (often financial)
• добавление - addition (as a noun, often in recipes or lists)
• лишний - extra or unnecessary (negative connotation)