Russian Translation(s) & Details for 'weft'

English Word: weft

Key Russian Translations:

• уток [ˈutək] - [Formal, Technical]

Frequency: Low (Primarily used in specialized contexts like textiles and manufacturing, not in everyday conversation)

Difficulty: B2 (Intermediate to Advanced; requires knowledge of technical vocabulary and basic Russian noun declensions)

Pronunciation (Russian):

уток: [ˈutək]

Note on уток: The stress is on the first syllable. Pronunciation may vary slightly in regional dialects, but [ˈutək] is standard. Pay attention to the soft 'т' sound, which can be challenging for English speakers.

Audio: []

Meanings and Usage:

The transverse threads in weaving, as opposed to the warp (longitudinal threads).

Translation(s) & Context:

• уток - Used in technical or formal contexts related to textiles, weaving, and fabric production. It specifically refers to the yarn or threads woven horizontally across the loom.

Usage Examples:

• В ткани переплетаются уток и основа, создавая прочную структуру.

  In the fabric, the weft and warp interlace to create a strong structure.

• Для этого платья использовали натуральный уток из хлопка.

  For this dress, they used natural weft made from cotton.

• Мастер объяснил, как правильно натягивать уток на ткацком станке.

  The master explained how to properly tension the weft on the weaving loom.

• В современном текстиле уток часто изготавливают из синтетических волокон для долговечности.

  In modern textiles, the weft is often made from synthetic fibers for durability.

• Если уток поврежден, вся ткань может потерять свою форму.

  If the weft is damaged, the entire fabric may lose its shape.

Russian Forms/Inflections:

"уток" is a masculine noun in Russian, belonging to the third declension. It follows standard patterns for masculine nouns ending in a consonant, with regular inflections based on case and number. Below is a table outlining its key forms:

Note: The word is regular and does not have irregular forms, making it straightforward for learners once basic declension rules are understood.

Russian Synonyms/Antonyms:

• Synonyms: поперечная нить (cross thread) - Often used interchangeably in descriptive contexts, but less specific to weaving.
• Antonyms: основа (warp) - Refers to the longitudinal threads in weaving, providing the opposite structural element.

Related Phrases:

• переплетение утка и основы - Interlacing of weft and warp; a common phrase in textile descriptions, referring to the basic process of fabric formation.
• натянуть уток - To tension the weft; used in instructions for weaving or loom setup, emphasizing preparation in textile work.
• уток из шелка - Weft made of silk; a phrase highlighting material specifics in fashion or fabric design contexts.

Usage Notes:

"уток" directly corresponds to the English "weft" in textile terminology, but it is rarely used outside professional or educational settings in Russian. Always ensure the context is technical; in everyday language, speakers might opt for more general terms like "нить" (thread). Grammatically, as a masculine noun, it requires appropriate adjective agreements (e.g., "тонкий уток" for "thin weft"). When choosing between translations, "уток" is the most precise for weaving, but if discussing broader fabrics, consider related terms for nuance.

Common Errors:

• Confusion with "основа" (warp): English learners often mix up "уток" and "основа" due to their structural opposition. Incorrect: "Уток — это продольные нити" (Weft is the longitudinal threads). Correct: "Уток — это поперечные нити" (Weft is the transverse threads). Explanation: Remember that "уток" specifically means horizontal elements, while "основа" means vertical ones.

• Incorrect declension: Beginners might forget to change the ending in different cases, e.g., saying "Я видел уток" instead of "Я видел уток" in accusative, which is actually correct, but errors like "Я видел утка" (wrong genitive use) occur. Correct form: Use the proper case as per the table above. Explanation: Always check the sentence structure to apply the right declension.

Cultural Notes:

In Russian culture, terms like "уток" are rooted in the historical significance of textile production, which was a major industry in pre-Soviet and Soviet eras. Weaving traditions, such as those in Russian folk art (e.g., creating sarafans or traditional fabrics), often highlight the weft's role in durability and design, symbolizing craftsmanship and community heritage.

Related Concepts:

• ткань (fabric)
• ткачество (weaving)
• основа (warp)
• шпулька (spool, as in weaving tools)