Russian Translation(s) & Details for 'wake'

English Word: wake

Key Russian Translations:

• просыпаться [prəˈsɨpət͡sə] - [Informal, Intransitive verb, Used for personal awakening]
• будить [ˈbudʲɪtʲ] - [Formal or Informal, Transitive verb, Used when waking someone else]
• кильватер [kʲɪlʲˈvatʲɪr] - [Formal, Noun, Used in nautical contexts]
• поминки [ˈpomanʲkʲɪ] - [Formal, Noun, Used in cultural or funeral contexts]

Frequency: High (e.g., "просыпаться" and "будить" are commonly used in everyday Russian conversations; "кильватер" and "поминки" are medium in specialized contexts).

Difficulty: Varies; "просыпаться" and "будить" are B1 (Intermediate) due to verb conjugation; "кильватер" and "поминки" are A2 (Beginner) for vocabulary but may require B1 for contextual usage.

Pronunciation (Russian):

просыпаться: [prəˈsɨpət͡sə]

будить: [ˈbudʲɪtʲ]

кильватер: [kʲɪlʲˈvatʲɪr]

поминки: [ˈpomanʲkʲɪ]

Note on просыпаться: This reflexive verb has a soft 'ы' sound that can be tricky for English speakers; stress on the second syllable, and it often varies in imperfective aspect.

Note on будить: The 'д' is pronounced as a soft 'd' sound; common in imperative forms for commands.

Audio: []

Meanings and Usage:

Meaning 1: To become awake or rouse from sleep (Verb, Intransitive)

Translation(s) & Context:

• просыпаться - Used in everyday, informal contexts for personal awakening, such as morning routines.

Usage Examples:

• Я просыпаюсь рано утром, чтобы успеть на работу.

  I wake up early in the morning to make it to work on time.

• Дети просыпаются от шума на улице.

  The children wake up from the noise on the street.

• После долгого сна она медленно просыпается.

  After a long sleep, she slowly wakes up.

• Просыпайся, уже светит солнце!

  Wake up, the sun is already shining!

Meaning 2: To cause someone or something to wake up (Verb, Transitive)

Translation(s) & Context:

• будить - Used when intentionally waking others, in both formal and informal settings, such as alarms or parental actions.

Usage Examples:

• Мама будит меня каждый день в семь утра.

  Mom wakes me up every day at seven in the morning.

• Будильник будит его слишком рано.

  The alarm clock wakes him up too early.

• Не буди собаку, она отдыхает.

  Don't wake the dog; it's resting.

• Врач будит пациента после операции.

  The doctor wakes the patient after the surgery.

• Будь осторожен, не буди спящего медведя.

  Be careful not to wake the sleeping bear.

Meaning 3: The trail of waves left by a ship (Noun)

Translation(s) & Context:

• кильватер - Used in nautical or technical contexts, often in formal writing or discussions about navigation.

Usage Examples:

• Корабль оставляет за собой кильватер в океане.

  The ship leaves a wake in the ocean.

• В кильватере лодки видны пузырьки воздуха.

  Bubbles of air are visible in the wake of the boat.

• Капитан следит за кильватером, чтобы избежать турбулентности.

  The captain watches the wake to avoid turbulence.

Meaning 4: A vigil or gathering after a death (Noun)

Translation(s) & Context:

• поминки - Used in cultural or traditional contexts, often formal, related to Russian Orthodox customs for mourning.

Usage Examples:

• После похорон проходят поминки в доме усопшего.

  After the funeral, a wake is held at the deceased's home.

• Поминки собирают семью для поминовения.

  The wake brings the family together for remembrance.

• На поминках читают молитвы и делятся воспоминаниями.

  At the wake, prayers are read and memories are shared.

Russian Forms/Inflections:

For verbs like "просыпаться" and "будить", Russian verbs follow conjugation patterns based on aspect, tense, and person. These are imperfective verbs.

Form	просыпаться (Imperfective)	будить (Imperfective)
Infinitive	просыпаться	будить
Present (I)	просыпаюсь	буджу
Present (You, singular informal)	просыпаешься	будишь
Past (Masc.)	просыпался	будил
Future	буду просыпаться	буду будить

For nouns like "кильватер" and "поминки", "кильватер" is masculine and follows standard declension, while "поминки" is plural and largely invariable in modern usage.

Russian Synonyms/Antonyms:

• Synonyms for просыпаться: очнуться (to come to), вставать (to get up) - "очнуться" implies a sudden awakening.
• Synonyms for будить: разбудить (to wake up, perfective), тревожить (to disturb) - "разбудить" is more forceful.
• Synonyms for кильватер: след (trail)
• Synonyms for поминки: панихида (memorial service)
• Antonyms for будить: усыплять (to put to sleep)
• Antonyms for просыпаться: засыпать (to fall asleep)

Related Phrases:

• Просыпаться рано - Early wake-up; often used for morning routines.
• Будить по телефону - To wake someone by phone; common in urgent contexts.
• В кильватере шторма - In the wake of a storm; metaphorical for aftermath.
• Поминки по усопшему - Wake for the deceased; tied to traditional rituals.

Usage Notes:

Russian translations of "wake" depend on context: use "просыпаться" for self-awakening in daily life, and "будить" for external actions. "Кильватер" is strictly nautical, while "поминки" carries cultural weight in Russian traditions. Be mindful of aspect (imperfective for ongoing actions); for English learners, "просыпаться" is reflexive, so it requires the particle "-ся". Choose based on formality—e.g., "будить" in professional settings versus informal family use.

Common Errors:

• Error: Confusing "просыпаться" with "будить" and using them interchangeably. Incorrect: "Я будюсь" (wrong form). Correct: "Я просыпаюсь". Explanation: "Просыпаться" is for oneself; "будить" needs an object.
• Error: Mispronouncing the stress in "просыпаться", placing it on the wrong syllable. Incorrect: Pronouncing as [proˈsɨpət͡sə] (wrong stress). Correct: [prəˈsɨpət͡sə]. Explanation: Stress affects meaning and fluency in Russian.
• Error: Using "кильватер" in non-nautical contexts. Incorrect: "В кильватере встречи" (for a meeting's aftermath). Correct: Use metaphors like "след". Explanation: This word is specific; overgeneralization leads to awkward phrasing.

Cultural Notes:

"Поминки" reflects deep Russian Orthodox traditions, often involving communal meals and prayers to honor the deceased. This practice underscores Russia's cultural emphasis on family and remembrance, differing from Western wakes by incorporating religious rituals, which can provide insight into Russian social customs.

Related Concepts:

• Сон (sleep)
• Будильник (alarm clock)
• Морская волна (sea wave)
• Похороны (funeral)