Russian Translation(s) & Details for 'verdict'

English Word: verdict

Key Russian Translations:

• Приговор [pʲrʲɪˈɡɔvər] - [Formal, Legal context]
• Решение [rʲɪˈʂenʲɪje] - [Formal, General decision-making]
• Вердикт [vʲɛrˈdʲikt] - [Less common, Borrowed term, Informal or journalistic use]

Frequency: Medium (commonly used in legal, judicial, or formal decision contexts in Russian media and literature)

Difficulty: B1 (Intermediate, as it involves understanding legal terminology; for 'Решение', it may be A2 for basic forms, but 'Приговор' leans towards B1 due to its specific connotations)

Pronunciation (Russian):

Приговор: [pʲrʲɪˈɡɔvər]

Note on Приговор: The stress falls on the second syllable ("ɡɔvər"), which can be tricky for learners due to Russian's mobile stress patterns. Ensure a clear palatalized 'r' sound.

Решение: [rʲɪˈʂenʲɪje]

Note on Решение: The 'ʂ' sound is a retroflex fricative, similar to 'sh' in "she", but more emphatic; common in everyday speech.

Вердикт: [vʲɛrˈdʲikt]

Note on Вердикт: As a borrowed word, pronunciation is straightforward, but the initial 'vʲ' is softly palatalized, which is standard in Russian loanwords.

Audio: []

Meanings and Usage:

1. A decision or judgment made by a jury or judge in a court of law

Translation(s) & Context:

• Приговор - Typically used in formal legal settings, such as criminal trials, emphasizing the final judgment.
• Решение - Applied in broader contexts, like civil cases or administrative decisions, where a verdict is more of a resolution.
• Вердикт - Used in media or informal discussions, often to borrow the English concept directly.

Usage Examples:

• Суд присяжных вынес приговор по делу об убийстве.

  The jury delivered the verdict in the murder case.

• Судья объявила решение, которое стало вердиктом для обеих сторон.

  The judge announced the decision, which became the verdict for both parties.

• В судебном процессе окончательное решение было принято коллегией.

  In the trial, the final verdict was reached by the panel.

• Приговор был обжалован адвокатом в апелляционном суде.

  The verdict was appealed by the lawyer in the appellate court.

• Журналисты комментировали вердикт, вынесенный в международном трибунале.

  Journalists commented on the verdict issued by the international tribunal.

2. An opinion or judgment in a non-legal context (e.g., metaphorical use)

Translation(s) & Context:

• Решение - Used metaphorically for personal or group opinions, such as in debates or reviews.
• Вердикт - Informal for quick judgments, like in product reviews or public opinions.

Usage Examples:

• Критики дали свое решение о новом фильме.

  Critics gave their verdict on the new film.

• Общественное мнение стало вердиктом для политического лидера.

  Public opinion became the verdict for the political leader.

• В семейном совете было принято решение, которое все считали вердиктом.

  In the family council, a decision was made that everyone regarded as the verdict.

Russian Forms/Inflections:

For 'Приговор' (noun, masculine): It follows standard Russian noun declension for masculine nouns ending in a consonant. It has regular inflections but no plural form in legal contexts.

For 'Решение' (noun, neuter): Regular neuter noun with inflections; can be pluralized as 'Решения' in contexts like multiple decisions.

For 'Вердикт' (noun, masculine): Similar to 'Приговор', with regular inflections and no significant irregularities.

Russian Synonyms/Antonyms:

• Synonyms: Решение (more general), Постановление (decree or ruling), Вывод (conclusion)
• Antonyms: Освобождение (acquittal), Оправдание (justification)

Related Phrases:

• Вынести приговор - To deliver a verdict; Used in legal proceedings to indicate the act of announcing a judgment.
• Обжаловать решение - To appeal a verdict; Common in contexts of challenging court decisions.
• Вердикт общества - Public verdict; Refers to collective opinion in social or media discussions.

Usage Notes:

In Russian, 'Приговор' directly corresponds to a legal verdict and is preferred in formal judicial contexts, while 'Решение' is more versatile for any type of decision. 'Вердикт' is a loanword and should be used sparingly, mainly in informal or translated texts. Be mindful of the grammatical case when using these words in sentences; for example, always decline them according to the sentence structure. English speakers might confuse 'Решение' with everyday decisions, so specify contexts to avoid ambiguity.

Common Errors:

• Error: Using 'Приговор' in non-legal contexts, e.g., saying "Мой приговор о фильме" instead of "Мое решение о фильме". Correct: 'Приговор' is strictly legal; use 'Решение' for opinions. Explanation: This misuse can sound overly dramatic or incorrect in everyday Russian.

• Error: Forgetting to decline the noun, e.g., "В приговор" instead of "В приговоре". Correct: "В приговоре суда" (In the court's verdict). Explanation: Russian requires case agreement, which English learners often overlook.

Cultural Notes:

In Russian culture, the concept of a 'verdict' like 'приговор' carries historical weight from the Soviet era, where judicial decisions were often seen as tools of state control. This can add a layer of connotation in modern discussions, implying finality or irrevocability, which might not be as pronounced in English usage.

Related Concepts:

• Суд (court)
• Присяжные (jury)
• Апелляция (appeal)