Russian Translation(s) & Details for 'vaccine'

English Word: vaccine

Key Russian Translations:

• вакцина /vɐkˈt͡sɨnə/ - [Formal, Singular]

Frequency: Medium (Commonly used in medical, health, and everyday discussions, especially in modern contexts like public health campaigns).

Difficulty: B1 (Intermediate; requires basic understanding of Russian nouns and medical vocabulary, but not advanced grammar).

Pronunciation (Russian):

вакцина: /vɐkˈt͡sɨnə/

Note on вакцина: The stress is on the second syllable ('t͡sɨ'). Pay attention to the palatalized 'ts' sound, which can be challenging for English speakers. Variations may occur in regional accents, such as in Southern Russian dialects.

Audio: []

Meanings and Usage:

Primary meaning: A substance used to stimulate the production of antibodies and provide immunity against diseases.

Translation(s) & Context:

• вакцина - Used in formal medical contexts, such as discussions about immunization programs or healthcare.

Usage Examples:

• Врач рекомендовал сделать вакцину от гриппа перед сезоном.

  The doctor recommended getting the vaccine for the flu before the season.

• Дети должны получать вакцину от полиомиелита в раннем возрасте.

  Children should receive the vaccine for polio at an early age.

• Вакцина против COVID-19 была разработана в рекордные сроки.

  The vaccine against COVID-19 was developed in record time.

• Многие люди боятся побочных эффектов вакцины.

  Many people are afraid of the side effects of the vaccine.

• Вакцина сыграла ключевую роль в эрадикации оспы во всем мире.

  The vaccine played a key role in the eradication of smallpox worldwide.

Russian Forms/Inflections:

"Вакцина" is a feminine noun (feminine gender in Russian grammar) and follows the first declension pattern. It has regular inflections based on case and number. Below is a table outlining its key forms:

Note: This word does not have irregular forms, making it relatively straightforward for learners.

Russian Synonyms/Antonyms:

• Synonyms:
  • прививка (more informal, often used for the act of vaccination itself)
  • иммунизация (focuses on the process of immunization, slightly more technical)
• Antonyms:
  • инфекция (infection, as it represents the opposite health state)

Related Phrases:

• Сделать прививку (To get a vaccine) - Refers to the action of receiving immunization, commonly used in healthcare settings.
• Вакцинация населения (Mass vaccination) - Describes large-scale immunization efforts, often in public health contexts.
• Побочные эффекты вакцины (Side effects of the vaccine) - Discusses potential reactions, highlighting safety concerns.

Usage Notes:

In Russian, "вакцина" directly corresponds to the English "vaccine" and is used in both formal and informal contexts, though it's more prevalent in medical or scientific discussions. Always consider the gender (feminine) when constructing sentences, as it affects adjectives and verbs (e.g., "эта вакцина эффективна" - this vaccine is effective). If multiple translations exist, choose "вакцина" for general references, but "прививка" for everyday conversations. Be mindful of prepositions; for example, use "от" for "against" a disease (e.g., вакцина от гриппа).

Common Errors:

• Error: Using "вакцина" as a masculine noun (e.g., incorrectly saying "этот вакцина" instead of "эта вакцина").

  Correct: "Эта вакцина работает хорошо." (This vaccine works well.)

  Explanation: Russian nouns have grammatical gender; "вакцина" is feminine, so adjectives and articles must agree.

• Error: Confusing it with "прививка" and using them interchangeably without context (e.g., saying "прививка" when referring to the substance itself).

  Correct: Use "вакцина" for the substance and "прививка" for the procedure.

  Explanation: This can lead to misunderstandings in medical contexts; always clarify based on whether you're discussing the product or the action.

Cultural Notes:

In Russian culture and history, vaccines have been significant due to events like the Soviet-era developments in immunization, which contributed to global health advancements. For instance, the USSR played a key role in eradicating smallpox, making terms like "вакцина" not just medical but also symbols of scientific achievement and public health policy in Russia.

Related Concepts:

• иммунитет (immunity)
• эпидемия (epidemic)
• медицина (medicine)