Russian Translation(s) & Details for 'turbulence'

English Word: turbulence

Key Russian Translations:

• Турбулентность (/tʊr.bʊˈlʲent.nəsʲtʲ/) - [Formal, Technical; Used in scientific, aviation, or metaphorical contexts]
• Буря (/ˈbu.rə/) - [Informal, Literary; Used metaphorically for emotional or social upheaval, but less precise for physical turbulence]

Frequency: Medium (Common in technical fields like aviation and physics, but less frequent in everyday conversation; appears in news and literature)

Difficulty: B2 (Intermediate; Requires understanding of scientific terminology and basic Russian noun inflections; the term "турбулентность" is borrowed from English/French, making it accessible but context-dependent)

Pronunciation (Russian):

Турбулентность: /tʊr.bʊˈlʲent.nəsʲtʲ/ (The stress is on the third syllable; note the soft 'л' sound, which can be challenging for English speakers due to the palatalization.)

Буря: /ˈbu.rə/ (Stress on the first syllable; the 'р' is rolled, typical in Russian.)

Note on Турбулентность: Pronunciation may vary slightly in fast speech, with the final 'ть' softening; practice with native speakers for accuracy.

Audio: []

Meanings and Usage:

Meaning 1: Physical disturbance in fluids or air (e.g., in aviation or meteorology)

Translation(s) & Context:

• Турбулентность - Used in formal scientific or technical contexts, such as describing air currents in flight.
• Буря - Occasionally used metaphorically, but not ideal for literal physical turbulence; better for stormy weather.

Usage Examples:

• Во время полёта пассажиры почувствовали турбулентность из-за сильного ветра.

  During the flight, passengers felt turbulence due to strong winds.

• Авиалайнер избежал зоны турбулентности, благодаря точным прогнозам метеорологов.

  The airliner avoided the zone of turbulence thanks to accurate meteorological forecasts.

• Турбулентность в реке создаёт опасные условия для пловцов.

  Turbulence in the river creates dangerous conditions for swimmers.

• Пилот предупредил экипаж о предстоящей турбулентности на маршруте.

  The pilot warned the crew about upcoming turbulence on the route.

Meaning 2: Metaphorical disturbance or instability (e.g., in politics, economy, or emotions)

Translation(s) & Context:

• Турбулентность - Common in formal or journalistic contexts for economic or political instability.
• Буря - More poetic or informal, often for emotional turmoil.

Usage Examples:

• Экономическая турбулентность в стране привела к росту безработицы.

  Economic turbulence in the country led to an increase in unemployment.

• Политическая турбулентность вызвала массовые протесты среди населения.

  Political turbulence caused mass protests among the population.

• Буря эмоций, подобная турбулентности, охватила героя романа.

  A storm of emotions, akin to turbulence, overwhelmed the novel's hero.

• Глобальная турбулентность на финансовых рынках затронула миллионы инвесторов.

  Global turbulence in financial markets affected millions of investors.

• В личной жизни она пережила бурю, эквивалентную эмоциональной турбулентности.

  In her personal life, she experienced a storm equivalent to emotional turbulence.

Russian Forms/Inflections:

Турбулентность is a feminine noun in the first declension group, which follows regular patterns in Russian. It does not have irregularities but changes based on case and number. Below is a table of its inflections:

Буря is also a feminine noun but in the third declension, with more straightforward changes: Nominative singular - Буря; Genitive singular - Бури; Plural - Бури (with variations based on context). It is less inflected in modern usage.

Russian Synonyms/Antonyms:

• Synonyms:
  • Хаос (/ˈxa.ɔs/) - Implies complete disorder, often in metaphorical contexts.
  • Неустойчивость (/nʲɪ.ʊˈstu.ɔɪ.stʲvəsʲtʲ/) - Focuses on instability, especially in scientific or emotional scenarios.
• Antonyms:
  • Спокойствие (/spaˈkɔɪ.stvʲɪ.jə/) - Denotes calm or stability, contrasting with any form of turbulence.
  • Устойчивость (/ʊˈstu.ɔɪ.stʲvəsʲtʲ/) - Refers to steadiness, particularly in physical or systemic contexts.

Related Phrases:

• Атмосферная турбулентность - Atmospheric turbulence; Refers to weather-related disturbances in the air.
• Экономическая турбулентность - Economic turbulence; Used for market fluctuations and instability.
• Буря в стакане - A storm in a teacup; An idiom for overreacting to minor issues, often metaphorically linked to turbulence.

Usage Notes:

• Турбулентность is a direct borrowing from English/French and is the most precise translation for "turbulence" in technical contexts; use it for aviation or physics to maintain accuracy.
• In metaphorical uses, choose based on context: Турбулентность for formal writing (e.g., news), and Буря for literary or emotional descriptions.
• Be mindful of gender and case in sentences; as a feminine noun, it requires appropriate adjectives (e.g., "сильная турбулентность" for "strong turbulence").
• Limit informal use of Буря for physical turbulence to avoid confusion, as it primarily means "storm."

Common Errors:

• Error: Using "турбулентность" interchangeably with "буря" in physical contexts. Incorrect: "Самолёт попал в бурю." (This implies a storm, not air turbulence.) Correct: "Самолёт попал в турбулентность." Explanation: Буря suggests weather events, while турбулентность is specific to fluid dynamics.
• Error: Forgetting noun inflections, e.g., using nominative in all cases. Incorrect: "Из-за турбулентность" (should be genitive). Correct: "Из-за турбулентности." Explanation: Russian requires case agreement, which English learners often overlook.
• Error: Mispronouncing the soft 'л' in турбулентность as a hard 'l'. Explanation: Practice the palatalized sound to sound natural; this is a common phonetic mistake for non-native speakers.

Cultural Notes:

In Russian culture, terms like "турбулентность" are often associated with historical events, such as the economic turbulence following the Soviet Union's dissolution in the 1990s. This reflects Russia's frequent experiences with political and social instability, making such words not just technical but emotionally charged in everyday discourse.

Related Concepts:

• Вихрь (vortex)
• Кризис (crisis)
• Поток (flow)