Russian Translation(s) & Details for 'trespass'

English Word: trespass

Key Russian Translations:

• нарушение [nəˈruʂənʲɪje] - [Formal, Noun, Used in legal or everyday contexts involving property rights]
• вторгаться [ftɐrˈɡatsːə] - [Informal, Verb, Plural forms possible, Used when describing unauthorized entry or invasion]

Frequency: Medium (Common in legal, everyday, and literary contexts, but not as frequent as basic vocabulary like "дом" (house))

Difficulty: B1 (Intermediate, based on CEFR; requires understanding of Russian case systems for nouns and verb conjugations; for "вторгаться," it may be B2 due to irregular aspects)

Pronunciation (Russian):

нарушение: [nəˈruʂənʲɪje]

Note on нарушение: The stress falls on the third syllable ("ru"), and the "ш" sound is a soft palatal fricative, which can be challenging for English speakers; common variant in fast speech may soften the ending.

Audio: []

вторгаться: [ftɐrˈɡatsːə]

Note on вторгаться: The initial "в" is pronounced as a voiced labiodental fricative; pay attention to the hard "г" sound, and it often pairs with perfective aspects like "вторгнуться." This verb has aspectual pairs that affect pronunciation in context.

Audio: []

Meanings and Usage:

Meaning 1: Illegal or unauthorized entry onto someone else's property (Noun form)

Translation(s) & Context:

• нарушение - Used in formal legal contexts, such as property law or civil disputes, to describe an infringement on rights.

Usage Examples:

• Полиция арестовала его за нарушение чужой территории.

  The police arrested him for trespassing on someone else's property.

• Это нарушение может привести к судебному иску.

  This trespass could lead to a lawsuit.

• В парке висят таблички, предупреждающие о нарушении.

  Signs in the park warn about trespassing.

• Нарушение частной собственности строго карается законом.

  Trespass on private property is strictly punished by law.

Meaning 2: To intrude or enter without permission (Verb form)

Translation(s) & Context:

• вторгаться - Applied in informal or narrative contexts, such as describing invasions in stories or real-life intrusions; often used metaphorically for emotional or digital trespass.

Usage Examples:

• Он не должен вторгаться в чужой сад без приглашения.

  He shouldn't trespass into someone else's garden without an invitation.

• Враг попытался вторгаться в страну, но был остановлен.

  The enemy tried to trespass into the country but was stopped.

• Иногда люди вторгаются в личное пространство других unconsciously.

  Sometimes people trespass into others' personal space unconsciously.

• Вторгаться в систему без разрешения — это преступление.

  Trespassing into a system without permission is a crime.

• Дети любят вторгаться в заброшенные здания, рискуя безопасностью.

  Children often trespass into abandoned buildings, risking their safety.

Russian Forms/Inflections:

For "нарушение" (neuter noun, 2nd declension), it follows standard Russian noun patterns with changes based on case and number. It is a regular noun without irregularities.

For "вторгаться" (imperfective verb, 1st conjugation), it has aspectual pairs (imperfective: вторгаться; perfective: вторгнуться). It conjugates regularly by person, tense, and aspect. Example conjugations in present tense:

Note: This verb does not change in past tense for gender but follows standard patterns (e.g., вторгался for masculine singular).

Russian Synonyms/Antonyms:

• Synonyms: вторжение (invasion, more military connotation), вмешательство (interference, for less physical trespass)
• Antonyms: разрешение (permission, implies legal allowance), отход (withdrawal, for ceasing intrusion)

Note: "Вмешательство" is often used for subtle or non-physical trespass, while "вторжение" emphasizes force.

Related Phrases:

• нарушение закона - Violation of the law (Used in legal contexts to describe breaking rules or boundaries).
• вторгаться в личное пространство - To trespass into personal space (Common in psychological or social discussions, implying unwanted intrusion).
• нарушение границ - Trespassing boundaries (Often metaphorical, as in relationships or international borders).

Usage Notes:

"Нарушение" directly corresponds to the noun form of "trespass" in legal English, emphasizing property or rights infringement, and is typically used in formal writing or speech. "Вторгаться" aligns with the verb form and can be more dynamic, often implying action or aggression. Be mindful of Russian's case system when using these words—e.g., "нарушение" must agree in case with its modifiers. In informal settings, "вторгаться" might be preferred for everyday stories, but avoid it in official documents where "нарушение" is standard. When choosing between translations, opt for "нарушение" for static violations and "вторгаться" for ongoing actions.

Common Errors:

• Error: Using "нарушение" without proper case agreement, e.g., saying "в нарушении территория" instead of "в нарушение территории" (Genitive case required after prepositions like "в"). Correct: "в нарушение территории" – This mistake stems from English's lack of cases, leading to confusion in prepositional phrases.

• Error: Confusing "вторгаться" with its perfective form, e.g., using "вторгаюсь" when a completed action is needed, like saying "Я вторгаюсь дом" instead of "Я вторгнулся в дом." Correct: Use "вторгнуться" for perfective actions to accurately convey a finished trespass.

• Error: Overusing "вторжение" as a synonym without context, which can make it sound too militaristic; for simple property trespass, "нарушение" is more appropriate. Explanation: English learners might translate directly from "invasion," but in Russian, this escalates the connotation unnecessarily.

Cultural Notes:

In Russian culture and law, concepts like "trespass" (e.g., "нарушение") are heavily influenced by historical events such as the Soviet era's strict border controls and property collectivization. Today, it often ties to privacy rights, especially in urban settings like Moscow, where unauthorized entry can evoke sensitivities around personal space due to past surveillance practices.

Related Concepts:

• закон (law)
• граница (boundary)
• собственность (property)