Russian Translation(s) & Details for 'trade'

English Word: trade

Key Russian Translations:

• торговля [ˈtorgəvlʲə] - [Formal, Noun]
• торговать [tɐrˈɡovətʲ] - [Informal, Verb, Used in everyday business contexts]

Frequency: High - Commonly used in economic, business, and daily conversations in Russian-speaking contexts.

Difficulty: B1 (Intermediate) - Suitable for learners with basic grammar knowledge; 'торговля' is straightforward as a noun, while 'торговать' requires verb conjugation familiarity.

Pronunciation (Russian):

торговля: [ˈtorgəvlʲə]

торговать: [tɐrˈɡovətʲ]

Note on торговать: The stress falls on the second syllable; be cautious with the soft 'тʲ' sound, which can be tricky for English speakers due to its palatalization.

Audio: []

Meanings and Usage:

Meaning 1: The action of buying and selling goods; commerce (as a noun)

Translation(s) & Context:

• торговля - Used in formal contexts like economics, international relations, or business discussions.

Usage Examples:

• В России активно развивается международная торговля.

  In Russia, international trade is actively developing.

• Торговля товарами между странами стимулирует экономический рост.

  Trade in goods between countries stimulates economic growth.

• Он работает в сфере внешней торговли.

  He works in the field of foreign trade.

• Торговля акциями на бирже требует глубоких знаний.

  Trading stocks on the exchange requires in-depth knowledge.

Meaning 2: A person's occupation or line of business (as a verb or noun)

Translation(s) & Context:

• торговать - Used for the act of engaging in trade, often in informal or professional settings; implies ongoing activity.

Usage Examples:

• Мой отец торгует фруктами на рынке.

  My father trades fruits at the market.

• Она решила торговать антиквариатом, чтобы заработать.

  She decided to trade antiques to earn money.

• В маленьком городе люди часто торгуют товарами на ярмарках.

  In small towns, people often trade goods at fairs.

• Торговать онлайн стало популярным из-за пандемии.

  Trading online has become popular due to the pandemic.

Russian Forms/Inflections:

For 'торговля' (a feminine noun, 1st declension):

For 'торговать' (a verb, 1st conjugation, imperfective):

Note: This verb is regular but requires attention to aspect; its perfective counterpart is 'поторговать' for completed actions.

Russian Synonyms/Antonyms:

• Synonyms:
  • обмен (obmen) - Exchange; often used for swapping goods.
  • коммерция (kommertsiya) - Commerce; more formal and business-oriented.
• Antonyms:
  • закупка (zakupka) - Purchase; implies buying without selling.
  • изъятие (iz"yatye) - Withdrawal; used in economic contexts for removal from trade.

Related Phrases:

• Международная торговля - International trade; commonly used in global business discussions.
• Свободная торговля - Free trade; refers to policy without tariffs, often in economic debates.
• Торговать на рынке - To trade at the market; everyday phrase for street vending or local commerce.

Usage Notes:

'Торговля' directly corresponds to the noun form of 'trade' in English, emphasizing commerce or exchange, and is neutral in tone. 'Торговать' aligns with the verb form and is ideal for describing ongoing actions. In formal writing, prefer 'торговля' for static concepts, while 'торговать' suits dynamic contexts. Be mindful of Russian's aspect system: use imperfective for habitual actions. When choosing between translations, select based on context—e.g., economic reports vs. personal anecdotes.

Common Errors:

• Mistake: Confusing 'торговля' with 'торговать' and using the noun as a verb. Incorrect: "Я торговля фруктами" (grammatically wrong). Correct: "Я торгую фруктами". Explanation: 'Торговля' is a noun and cannot conjugate; use the verb form for actions.
• Mistake: Overlooking declensions, e.g., saying "в торговли" instead of "в торговле". Incorrect: "в торговли". Correct: "в торговле". Explanation: Prepositional case requires the correct ending for proper sentence structure.

Cultural Notes:

In Russian culture, 'торговля' often evokes historical contexts like the Silk Road or Soviet-era state-controlled trade. It symbolizes economic resilience, as seen in modern Russia's emphasis on export-driven commerce, reflecting national pride in global markets.

Related Concepts:

• экономика (ekonomika)
• рынок (rynok)
• бизнес (biznes)