Russian Translation(s) & Details for 'tissue'

English Word: tissue

Key Russian Translations:

• ткань [ˈtkanʲ] - [Formal, primarily for biological tissue; Singular, Feminine noun]
• салфетка [sɐlˈfʲetkə] - [Informal, for paper or facial tissue; Singular, Feminine noun; Used in everyday contexts like hygiene]
• бумажная салфетка [bʊˈmaʒnəjə sɐlˈfʲetkə] - [Neutral, specifically for disposable paper tissue; Plural form possible]

Frequency: Medium - 'ткань' is common in scientific and medical contexts, while 'салфетка' is frequent in daily life.

Difficulty: B1 for 'ткань' (Intermediate, due to its declensions); A2 for 'салфетка' (Beginner, as it follows regular patterns).

Pronunciation (Russian):

ткань: [ˈtkanʲ] - The 'т' is a voiceless alveolar plosive, and the 'ь' indicates palatalization.

салфетка: [sɐlˈfʲetkə] - Stress on the second syllable; note the soft 'ф' sound.

бумажная салфетка: [bʊˈmaʒnəjə sɐlˈfʲetkə] - Compound word; stress on 'ма' in 'бумажная'.

Note on ткань: The palatalized 'нʲ' can be tricky for English speakers; it sounds softer than a standard 'n'.

Audio: []

Meanings and Usage:

Biological tissue (e.g., body tissue)

Translation(s) & Context:

• ткань - Used in scientific, medical, or biological contexts to refer to cellular structures.

Usage Examples:

• В человеческом теле есть разные типы тканей, такие как мышечная и соединительная.

  In the human body, there are different types of tissues, such as muscular and connective.

• Учёные изучают, как раковые клетки влияют на ткань органов.

  Scientists study how cancer cells affect the tissue of organs.

• Ткань кожи защищает нас от внешних повреждений.

  The tissue of the skin protects us from external damage.

• При операции хирург удалил повреждённую ткань.

  During the surgery, the surgeon removed the damaged tissue.

• Биологическая ткань может регенерироваться со временем.

  Biological tissue can regenerate over time.

Paper or facial tissue (e.g., for wiping)

Translation(s) & Context:

• салфетка - Common in everyday situations like cleaning or hygiene; can be disposable or reusable.
• бумажная салфетка - Specifically for disposable items, often in households or public settings.

Usage Examples:

• Возьми салфетку, чтобы вытереть руки после еды.

  Take a tissue to wipe your hands after eating.

• В ванной комнате всегда должна быть бумажная салфетка для гостей.

  In the bathroom, there should always be a paper tissue for guests.

• Она чихнула и быстро взяла салфетку из коробки.

  She sneezed and quickly grabbed a tissue from the box.

• Дети используют салфетки, чтобы нарисовать что-то.

  Children use tissues to draw something.

• Купи пачку бумажных салфеток для пикника.

  Buy a pack of paper tissues for the picnic.

Russian Forms/Inflections:

Both 'ткань' and 'салфетка' are feminine nouns in Russian, which means they follow first-declension patterns for nouns ending in '-ь' or '-a'.

For 'ткань' (biological tissue):

For 'салфетка': It has regular inflections similar to 'ткань', but is more commonly used in singular form in casual contexts. Plural: салфетки (e.g., a pack of tissues).

Russian Synonyms/Antonyms:

• Synonyms for ткань: мембрана (membrane), субстанция (substance in biological sense)
• Synonyms for салфетка: платок (handkerchief), полотенце (towel, but less precise)
• Antonyms: For ткань: кость (bone, as an opposite in biological structure); For салфетка: none directly, as it's a utility item.

Related Phrases:

• Ткань соединительная - Connective tissue; Used in anatomy to describe supportive structures.
• Бумажная салфетка для лица - Facial tissue; Common in personal hygiene contexts.
• Мягкая ткань - Soft tissue; Refers to non-bony parts in medicine.

Usage Notes:

'Ткань' is the most direct translation for biological tissue and is used formally in scientific writing, while 'салфетка' fits everyday English 'tissue' for paper products. Be cautious with context: in Russian, 'ткань' can also mean fabric, so specify if needed (e.g., биологическая ткань). For beginners, start with 'салфетка' as it's simpler and more intuitive. Grammar note: Always decline these nouns based on case, which is a key feature of Russian syntax.

Common Errors:

• Error: Using 'ткань' interchangeably for paper tissue, e.g., saying "ткань" when meaning a facial wipe. Correct: Use 'салфетка'. Explanation: This confuses biological and everyday meanings, leading to misunderstandings in casual conversation.
• Error: Forgetting to decline 'ткань' in sentences, e.g., "Я вижу ткань" instead of properly adjusting for case. Correct: In genitive, say "Я вижу ткани". Explanation: Russian requires case agreement, unlike English, so learners must practice declensions.

Cultural Notes:

In Russian culture, 'салфетка' is a staple in daily life, especially during meals or for cleanliness, reflecting the emphasis on hygiene in social settings. 'Ткань' in a biological context might evoke discussions in Russian literature or folklore about the human body, as seen in works by authors like Tolstoy, where physical health symbolizes deeper themes.

Related Concepts:

• органы (organs)
• клетки (cells)
• гигиена (hygiene)