Russian Translation(s) & Details for 'tendon'

English Word: tendon

Key Russian Translations:

• сухожилие [su.xə.ʐɨ.lʲi.jɛ] - [Formal, Medical context]

Frequency: Low (Primarily used in specialized fields like medicine, biology, or anatomy; not common in everyday conversation)

Difficulty: B2 (Intermediate; requires familiarity with Russian medical terminology and noun declensions, as per CEFR standards)

Pronunciation (Russian):

сухожилие: [su.xə.ʐɨ.lʲi.jɛ]

Note on сухожилие: The pronunciation features a soft 'ж' sound, which can be challenging for English speakers; it is pronounced with a palatalized 'л' in the middle. Variations may occur in regional dialects, but this is the standard Moscow variant.

Audio: []

Meanings and Usage:

A tough band of fibrous tissue that connects muscle to bone (Anatomical context)

Translation(s) & Context:

• сухожилие - Used in formal medical or scientific discussions, such as describing human anatomy or injuries.

Usage Examples:

• Врачи осмотрели сухожилие пациента после травмы.

  Doctors examined the patient's tendon after the injury.

• Сухожилие соединяет мышцу с костью, обеспечивая движение.

  The tendon connects the muscle to the bone, enabling movement.

• При занятиях спортом важно беречь сухожилия от перегрузок.

  When engaging in sports, it's important to protect tendons from overload.

• В анатомии сухожилие играет ключевую роль в опорно-двигательном аппарате.

  In anatomy, the tendon plays a key role in the musculoskeletal system.

• Если сухожилие повреждено, может потребоваться хирургическое вмешательство.

  If the tendon is damaged, surgical intervention may be required.

Russian Forms/Inflections:

Сухожилие is a neuter noun in the second declension group. It follows regular patterns for Russian nouns, with changes based on case, number, and gender. Below is a table outlining its key inflections:

Note: This word does not have irregular forms, making it straightforward for learners once basic declension rules are understood.

Russian Synonyms/Antonyms:

• Synonyms:
  • связка (svyazka) - Often used interchangeably in general contexts, but more common in everyday language; implies a looser connection.
  • жила (zhila) - Less precise, sometimes used poetically or in older texts to refer to similar structures.
• Antonyms: Not directly applicable, as this is a specific anatomical term without clear opposites. However, related concepts might include "мышца" (muscle) for contrast in function.

Related Phrases:

• Воспаление сухожилия - Inflammation of the tendon (e.g., tendonitis, a common injury in sports).
• Разрыв сухожилия - Tendon rupture (refers to a severe tear, often requiring medical attention).
• Укрепление сухожилий - Strengthening of tendons (used in fitness or rehabilitation contexts).

Usage Notes:

Сухожилие directly corresponds to the English "tendon" in medical and anatomical contexts, but it's important to use it in formal settings, as informal Russian might opt for simpler terms like "связка" for brevity. Always consider the grammatical case when using it in sentences; for example, in genitive case (сухожилия), it indicates possession or relation. When choosing between translations, prefer "сухожилие" for precision in scientific writing, but be aware that in casual conversation, Russians might use synonyms without distinguishing nuances. Pay attention to gender agreements, as it is neuter.

Common Errors:

• English learners often confuse "сухожилие" with "связка" and use them interchangeably, leading to imprecise meaning. Incorrect: "Я повредил связку в ноге" (when meaning tendon specifically). Correct: "Я повредил сухожилие в ноге". Explanation: "Связка" can refer to ligaments or general connections, so use "сухожилие" for tendons to avoid ambiguity.

• Misapplying cases, such as using nominative "сухожилие" in a prepositional phrase. Incorrect: "О сухожилие" (wrong case). Correct: "О сухожилии". Explanation: Always decline based on sentence structure to maintain grammatical accuracy.

Cultural Notes:

While "сухожилие" is a neutral anatomical term without strong cultural connotations, it frequently appears in Russian health and sports discussions, reflecting the cultural emphasis on physical fitness and traditional medicine. In Russian folklore or literature, similar terms might metaphorically describe resilience, but this is rare for "сухожилие" itself.

Related Concepts:

• мышца (muscle)
• кость (bone)
• связка (ligament)
• сустав (joint)