Russian Translation(s) & Details for 'synthesize'

English Word: synthesize

Key Russian Translations:

• синтезировать [sʲɪnʲtʲɪzʲɪrəvɐtʲ] - [Formal, Used in scientific or technical contexts]
• объединять [ɐbʲjɪdʲɪˈnʲatʲ] - [Informal, Plural senses, Used for abstract synthesis like ideas]

Frequency: Medium (Common in scientific, technical, and academic fields, but less frequent in everyday conversation)

Difficulty: B2 (Intermediate for most learners; requires familiarity with verb conjugations and technical vocabulary. For 'объединять', it may be A2 if used in basic contexts.)

Pronunciation (Russian):

синтезировать: [sʲɪnʲtʲɪzʲɪrəvɐtʲ]

объединять: [ɐbʲjɪdʲɪˈnʲatʲ]

Note on синтезировать: The stress falls on the third syllable ('zi'), which can be tricky for English speakers due to the palatalized consonants. Pronunciation may vary slightly in fast speech.

Audio: []

Meanings and Usage:

Meaning 1: To combine substances or elements to form a new compound (e.g., in chemistry)

Translation(s) & Context:

• синтезировать - Used in formal scientific writing or discussions, especially in chemistry or biology contexts.
• объединять - Less precise, used in informal or metaphorical contexts when emphasizing integration.

Usage Examples:

• Учёные синтезируют новый лекарственный препарат в лаборатории.

  Scientists synthesize a new pharmaceutical drug in the laboratory.

• В химии мы учимся синтезировать сложные молекулы из простых элементов.

  In chemistry, we learn to synthesize complex molecules from simple elements.

• Иногда объединяют разные идеи, чтобы синтезировать инновационное решение.

  Sometimes, they combine different ideas to synthesize an innovative solution.

• Этот процесс позволяет синтезировать органические соединения при комнатной температуре.

  This process allows synthesizing organic compounds at room temperature.

• Объединяя данные из разных источников, мы можем синтезировать полный отчёт.

  By combining data from various sources, we can synthesize a complete report.

Meaning 2: To combine ideas or information into a coherent whole

Translation(s) & Context:

• объединять - Common in educational or creative contexts, implying a more holistic approach.
• синтезировать - Used when a structured, analytical process is involved.

Usage Examples:

• Студенты должны объединять теории из разных глав, чтобы синтезировать эссе.

  Students must combine theories from different chapters to synthesize an essay.

• В дискуссии важно синтезировать мнения всех участников.

  In discussions, it's important to synthesize the opinions of all participants.

• Объединяя исторические факты, историк синтезирует повествование о событиях.

  By combining historical facts, the historian synthesizes a narrative of events.

• Эта методика помогает синтезировать информацию для лучшего понимания.

  This method helps synthesize information for better understanding.

Russian Forms/Inflections:

Both primary translations are verbs, so they follow standard Russian verb conjugation patterns. 'Синтезировать' is a first-conjugation verb (from foreign roots), while 'объединять' is a second-conjugation verb. They exhibit regular inflections but can have irregularities in perfective aspects.

Note: These verbs do not change in gender or number in the infinitive form but conjugate based on tense, person, and number as shown.

Russian Synonyms/Antonyms:

• Synonyms:
  • создавать (sozdat') - More general, implies creation from scratch; often used interchangeably in creative contexts.
  • интегрировать (integrirovat') - Emphasizes seamless merging, with a focus on systems or data.
• Antonyms:
  • разрушать (razrushat') - Implies destruction or breakdown of elements.
  • разделять (razdelat') - Means to separate or divide, contrasting with combination.

Related Phrases:

• Химический синтез (khimicheskiy sintez) - Chemical synthesis; refers to the process of creating compounds in a lab.
• Синтезировать данные (sintizirovat' dannye) - To synthesize data; used in research to integrate information.
• Объединять усилия (ob"yedinyat' usiliya) - To combine efforts; a common phrase in teamwork or collaborative projects, implying unified action.

Usage Notes:

'Синтезировать' is a direct loanword from English/Greek and is most accurate for technical contexts, closely matching the English 'synthesize' in chemistry or manufacturing. Use 'объединять' for broader, less formal applications, such as in philosophy or daily discussions. Be mindful of context: in Russian, verbs often require aspect (perfective/imperfective), so pair with perfective forms like 'синтезировать' for completed actions. English learners should note that Russian verbs change based on subject gender and number, which has no direct equivalent in English.

• Choose 'синтезировать' for precise scientific translation to maintain formality.
• Avoid using these in casual speech; opt for simpler synonyms if discussing everyday topics.

Common Errors:

English learners often misuse verb aspects, such as using the imperfective form when a perfective is needed. For example:

• Error: "Я синтезировал эксперимент" (incorrect, as it implies an ongoing process without completion).
• Correct: "Я синтезирую эксперимент" for ongoing, or "Я синтезировал эксперимент" with proper context. Explanation: Russian requires specifying whether the action is completed; always check the aspect to match the intended meaning.
• Another error: Confusing 'синтезировать' with 'анализировать' (to analyze), leading to misuse in contexts like "синтезировать данные" when separation is meant.

Cultural Notes:

In Russian culture, terms like 'синтезировать' are heavily associated with the country's strong tradition in science and engineering, dating back to the Soviet era. For instance, Russian advancements in synthetic chemistry during the Space Race influenced global practices, adding a layer of historical pride to the word's usage in educational and professional settings.

Related Concepts:

• анализ (analiz) - Analysis
• интеграция (integratsiya) - Integration
• химия (khimiya) - Chemistry