Russian Translation(s) & Details for 'susceptibility'

English Word: susceptibility

Key Russian Translations:

• уязвимость [uɪˈazvɪməstʲ] - [Formal, used in technical or security contexts]
• подверженность [pɐdˈvʲɛrʐənnəstʲ] - [Informal, general contexts]
• чувствительность [ʧʊvstvʲɪtʲɪlʲnəstʲ] - [Formal, especially in medical or emotional contexts]

Frequency: Medium (commonly encountered in technical, medical, and everyday discussions, but not as frequent as basic vocabulary)

Difficulty: B2 (Intermediate; requires understanding of abstract concepts and noun inflections; for 'уязвимость', it's B2; for 'подверженность', it's also B2 due to its abstract nature)

Pronunciation (Russian):

уязвимость: [uɪˈazvɪməstʲ]

подверженность: [pɐdˈvʲɛrʐənnəstʲ]

чувствительность: [ʧʊvstvʲɪtʲɪlʲnəstʲ]

Note on уязвимость: The stress is on the second syllable; be careful with the soft 'з' sound, which can be tricky for English speakers. Pronunciation may vary slightly in fast speech.

Audio: []

Meanings and Usage:

Meaning 1: The state of being easily affected or influenced, especially in a negative way (e.g., vulnerability in systems or health)

Translation(s) & Context:

• уязвимость - Used in formal contexts like cybersecurity or engineering, to describe weaknesses that can be exploited.
• подверженность - Applied in everyday or informal settings, such as susceptibility to diseases or influences.

Usage Examples:

• Эта система имеет высокую уязвимость к хакерским атакам.

  This system has high susceptibility to hacker attacks.

• Подверженность аллергиям часто зависит от генетики.

  Susceptibility to allergies often depends on genetics.

• Уязвимость экономики к инфляции стала очевидной в последние годы.

  The susceptibility of the economy to inflation has become evident in recent years.

• Его подверженность эмоциональным влияниям делает его уязвимым в переговорах.

  His susceptibility to emotional influences makes him vulnerable in negotiations.

Meaning 2: Sensitivity or responsiveness to external stimuli (e.g., in medical or sensory contexts)

Translation(s) & Context:

• чувствительность - Common in medical or scientific discussions, referring to heightened sensitivity.
• уязвимость - Sometimes used interchangeably but more for inherent weaknesses.

Usage Examples:

• Чувствительность кожи к солнечным лучам требует использования крема.

  Susceptibility of the skin to sunlight requires the use of cream.

• Эта технология повышает чувствительность датчиков к изменениям температуры.

  This technology increases the susceptibility of sensors to temperature changes.

• Подверженность стрессу может усилить чувствительность нервной системы.

  Susceptibility to stress can enhance the sensitivity of the nervous system.

• Уязвимость иммунной системы к инфекциям возрастает с возрастом.

  Susceptibility of the immune system to infections increases with age.

• Чувствительность к критике часто встречается у творческих личностей.

  Susceptibility to criticism is common among creative individuals.

Russian Forms/Inflections:

All key translations ('уязвимость', 'подверженность', 'чувствительность') are feminine nouns in Russian and follow standard first-declension patterns for feminine nouns ending in -ость.

They are inflected based on case, number, and gender. Here's a table for 'уязвимость' as an example:

For 'подверженность' and 'чувствительность', the inflections follow similar patterns, with no irregularities. These nouns do not change in gender but must agree in case with other words in the sentence.

Russian Synonyms/Antonyms:

• Synonyms:
  • уязвимость: слабость (weakness) - More general, often used in physical contexts.
  • подверженность: восприимчивость (vulnerability) - Implies openness to influence.
  • чувствительность: реактивность (reactivity) - Focuses on response to stimuli; applicable in scientific settings.
• Antonyms:
  • уязвимость: устойчивость (resistance) - Indicates strength against influences.
  • подверженность: невосприимчивость (immunity) - Suggests protection or lack of effect.
  • чувствительность: нечувствительность (insensitivity) - Denotes lack of response.

Related Phrases:

• Уязвимость системы - The susceptibility of the system; refers to potential weak points in technology.
• Подверженность рискам - Susceptibility to risks; used in business or health contexts.
• Чувствительность к изменениям - Susceptibility to changes; common in environmental or psychological discussions.
• Повысить уязвимость - To increase susceptibility; often in security phrases, with the implication of making something more vulnerable.

Usage Notes:

• Choose 'уязвимость' for contexts involving security or technical weaknesses, as it directly mirrors the English 'susceptibility' in IT and engineering.
• 'Подверженность' is more versatile for everyday use, especially when discussing personal or health-related susceptibility, but it's less formal than 'уязвимость'.
• Always ensure the noun agrees in case with surrounding words; for example, in genitive constructions like "из-за уязвимости" (due to susceptibility).
• In medical contexts, 'чувствительность' is preferred for sensory or allergic meanings, aligning closely with English usage.
• Be mindful of register: 'Уязвимость' is formal and professional, while 'подверженность' can be used in casual conversation.

Common Errors:

• English learners often confuse 'уязвимость' with 'слабость' (weakness), using them interchangeably, but 'уязвимость' specifically implies potential for exploitation. Error: "Это слабость системы" (when meaning susceptibility). Correct: "Это уязвимость системы". Explanation: 'Слабость' is more about inherent frailty, not exploitability.
• Misinflecting the noun, e.g., using nominative in all cases. Error: "Из-за уязвимость" (incorrect genitive). Correct: "Из-за уязвимости". Explanation: Russian nouns must change endings based on case for grammatical agreement.
• Overusing 'чувствительность' for non-sensory contexts. Error: "Уязвимость к критике" translated as 'чувствительность к критике', which works but loses the nuance of vulnerability. Correct: Use 'уязвимость' for stronger connotations. Explanation: Select the precise translation based on context to avoid dilution of meaning.

Cultural Notes:

In Russian culture and language, terms like 'уязвимость' often carry connotations from historical contexts, such as the vulnerabilities exposed during wars or economic crises. For instance, discussions of national 'уязвимость' (susceptibility) in media reflect a cultural emphasis on resilience and defense, stemming from Russia's complex history with invasions and reforms.

Related Concepts:

• устойчивость (resilience)
• восприимчивость (receptivity)
• слабость (weakness)
• иммунитет (immunity)