Russian Translation(s) & Details for 'surgery'

English Word: surgery

Key Russian Translations:

• хирургия [xɪˈruɾɡʲɪjə] - [Formal, refers to the field or practice of surgery]
• операция [ɐpʲɪˈrat͡sɨjə] - [Formal, specifically for a surgical procedure]

Frequency: Medium (commonly used in medical contexts, but less frequent in everyday conversation)

Difficulty: B2 (Intermediate; requires understanding of medical terminology and basic Russian noun declensions)

Pronunciation (Russian):

хирургия: [xɪˈruɾɡʲɪjə]

операция: [ɐpʲɪˈrat͡sɨjə]

Note on хирургия: The initial 'х' is a voiceless velar fricative, similar to the 'ch' in Scottish 'loch', which can be challenging for English speakers. Stress is on the third syllable.

Audio: []

Meanings and Usage:

Meaning 1: Medical procedure involving incision or manipulation (e.g., an operation)

Translation(s) & Context:

• операция - Used in formal medical contexts for a specific surgical intervention, such as in hospitals.
• хирургия - Used for the broader field or general practice, often in professional or educational settings.

Usage Examples:

• Врач рекомендовал операцию на сердце, чтобы предотвратить дальнейшие осложнения.

  The doctor recommended heart surgery to prevent further complications.

• После окончания медицинского университета, она специализировалась в хирургии.

  After graduating from medical university, she specialized in surgery.

• Операция прошла успешно, и пациент быстро выздоравливал.

  The surgery went successfully, and the patient recovered quickly.

• В современной хирургии используются передовые технологии для минимально инвазивных процедур.

  In modern surgery, advanced technologies are used for minimally invasive procedures.

Meaning 2: British English for a doctor's office or consultation (less common in American English)

Translation(s) & Context:

• прием врача - Informal context for a doctor's appointment or clinic visit.
• хирургический кабинет - Formal context, specifically for a surgeon's office.

Usage Examples:

• Я записался на прием врача в поликлинику на завтра.

  I've scheduled a surgery (doctor's appointment) at the clinic for tomorrow.

• В хирургическом кабинете пациенты ждут консультации специалиста.

  In the surgery (doctor's office), patients wait for a specialist consultation.

• Прием врача обычно начинается в 9 утра, но бывают задержки.

  Surgery (doctor's hours) usually starts at 9 a.m., but there can be delays.

• Если вам нужна помощь, обратитесь в ближайший хирургический кабинет.

  If you need help, go to the nearest surgery (doctor's office).

Russian Forms/Inflections:

Both primary translations are nouns with specific inflections based on Russian grammar rules.

For хирургия (feminine noun, 1st declension):

For операция (feminine noun, 1st declension, with regular inflections):

These nouns follow standard feminine declension patterns with no irregularities.

Russian Synonyms/Antonyms:

• Synonyms:
  • хирургическое вмешательство (synonym for операция, more formal and precise in medical contexts)
  • лечение (general synonym for хирургия, but broader, meaning treatment)
• Antonyms:
  • консервативное лечение (antonym for операция or хирургия, meaning non-surgical treatment)

Related Phrases:

• Сердечная хирургия - Cardiac surgery; refers to operations on the heart.
• Пластическая операция - Plastic surgery; common in cosmetic contexts.
• Срочная операция - Emergency surgery; used for urgent medical procedures.

Usage Notes:

In Russian, "хирургия" is the direct equivalent for the field of surgery and is used formally in medical literature or discussions, while "операция" is more specific to individual procedures. English speakers should note that Russian medical terminology often requires precise case endings based on sentence structure. For the British English meaning of "surgery" as a doctor's office, use "прием врача" in everyday contexts to avoid confusion. Choose between translations based on whether you're referring to the practice (хирургия) or a specific event (операция).

Common Errors:

• Error: Using "хирургия" interchangeably with "операция" without considering context. For example, saying "Я иду на хирургию" instead of "Я иду на операцию" for a scheduled procedure.

  Correct: "Я иду на операцию" – This specifies the event accurately.

  Explanation: "Хирургия" refers to the field, not the act, leading to misunderstandings in conversational Russian.

• Error: Neglecting noun declensions, e.g., using nominative in all cases like "в операция" instead of "в операции".

  Correct: "в операции" (prepositional case).

  Explanation: Russian requires case agreement, which English speakers often overlook, resulting in grammatically incorrect sentences.

Cultural Notes:

In Russia, surgery and medical procedures are often associated with state-funded healthcare systems, influenced by Soviet-era practices. Terms like "хирургия" may evoke historical contexts, such as advancements in wartime medicine, emphasizing the cultural importance of resilience and innovation in healthcare.

Related Concepts:

• медицина (medicine)
• терапия (therapy)
• диагностика (diagnosis)