Russian Translation(s) & Details for 'sunburn'

English Word: sunburn

Key Russian Translations:

• солнечный ожог [ˈsolnʲɪt͡ɕnɨj ɐˈʐok] - [Informal, commonly used in everyday health contexts]

Frequency: Medium (This term is encountered regularly in conversations about health, outdoor activities, and summer experiences, but not as frequently as basic vocabulary.)

Difficulty: B1 (Intermediate, per CEFR; involves understanding compound nouns and basic medical terminology, suitable for learners with some grasp of Russian grammar and vocabulary.)

Pronunciation (Russian):

солнечный ожог: [ˈsolnʲɪt͡ɕnɨj ɐˈʐok]

Note on солнечный ожог: The stress falls on the first syllable of "солнечный" [ˈsolnʲɪt͡ɕnɨj], and "ожог" has a soft 'ж' sound, which can be challenging for English speakers due to the palatalized consonants. Pronunciation may vary slightly in regional dialects.

Audio: []

Meanings and Usage:

Skin damage caused by overexposure to UV radiation

Translation(s) & Context:

• солнечный ожог - Used in casual or medical contexts to describe painful skin inflammation from sun exposure, such as during beach trips or outdoor work.

Usage Examples:

• Я получил солнечный ожог на пляже после долгой прогулки под солнцем.

  I got a sunburn at the beach after a long walk in the sun. (This example shows the noun in a simple declarative sentence, emphasizing cause and effect.)

• Чтобы избежать солнечного ожога, всегда наноси крем с SPF.

  To avoid sunburn, always apply sunscreen with SPF. (Here, it demonstrates preventive advice in an imperative context.)

• Её кожа покраснела от солнечного ожога, и ей пришлось остаться в тени.

  Her skin turned red from sunburn, and she had to stay in the shade. (This illustrates the noun in a descriptive narrative, highlighting symptoms.)

• Врачи рекомендуют лечить солнечный ожог холодными компрессами и увлажняющими кремами.

  Doctors recommend treating sunburn with cold compresses and moisturizing creams. (This example places the term in a professional or advisory context.)

• После солнечного ожога он не мог носить рубашку из-за боли.

  After sunburn, he couldn't wear a shirt because of the pain. (This shows the noun in a temporal clause, discussing consequences.)

Russian Forms/Inflections:

"Солнечный ожог" is a noun phrase where "солнечный" is an adjective and "ожог" is a masculine noun of the first declension. Adjectives like "солнечный" agree with the noun in gender, number, and case. "Ожог" follows standard masculine noun patterns with regular inflections.

Note: The adjective "солнечный" changes to agree with "ожог" in all forms, making this a regular inflection pattern for learners at B1 level.

Russian Synonyms/Antonyms:

• Synonyms:
  • загар с ожогом (tan with burn) - Often used interchangeably but implies a milder form.
  • термический ожог от солнца (thermal burn from the sun) - More formal, in medical contexts.
• Antonyms:
  • загар (tan) - Refers to harmless skin darkening from sun exposure.
  • защитный загар (protected tan) - Implies safe exposure without damage.

Related Phrases:

• защитный крем от солнца - Sunscreen; used to prevent sunburn in outdoor settings.
• лечение солнечного ожога - Treatment for sunburn; common in first-aid discussions.
• симптомы солнечного ожога - Symptoms of sunburn; refers to signs like redness and pain.

Usage Notes:

"Солнечный ожог" directly corresponds to "sunburn" in English, focusing on UV-induced skin damage. It is typically used in informal or everyday contexts, such as travel or health advice, but can appear in formal medical discussions. Be mindful of case agreement when using it in sentences—e.g., always decline the adjective to match the noun's case. If multiple translations exist, choose "солнечный ожог" for general purposes, reserving more specific terms like "термический ожог" for professional contexts. Learners should note that Russian often pairs this with verbs like "получить" (to get) or "избежать" (to avoid) for natural expression.

Common Errors:

• Error: Using "ожог солнца" instead of "солнечный ожог" (incorrect word order or missing adjective agreement). Correct: "Солнечный ожог" is the standard phrase. Explanation: Russian requires the adjective to precede and agree with the noun; "ожог солнца" sounds unnatural and may confuse native speakers.

• Error: Confusing it with "загар" (tan) and using it to mean a healthy tan. Correct: Say "солнечный ожог" only for painful burns, not for tanning. Explanation: This mix-up can lead to misunderstandings in health-related conversations, as "загар" implies a positive outcome.

• Error: Failing to decline the noun in sentences, e.g., saying "Я имею солнечный ожог" instead of properly integrating it. Correct: Use full declension, like "У меня солнечный ожог." Explanation: Russian grammar demands case changes, which English learners often overlook, resulting in grammatically incorrect sentences.

Cultural Notes:

In Russia, "солнечный ожог" is particularly relevant during summer months when outdoor activities like beach visits or hiking are popular. Due to the country's northern latitudes, intense sun exposure can be surprising for residents, leading to cultural emphasis on sun protection in media and health campaigns. This term also ties into broader themes of environmental awareness, as climate change has increased UV risks in certain regions.

Related Concepts:

• загар
• уф-излучение
• крем от загара
• покраснение кожи