Russian Translation(s) & Details for 'sudden'

English Word: sudden

Key Russian Translations:

• внезапный /vʲnʲɪˈzapnɨj/ - [Adjective, Formal, Used in descriptive contexts]

Frequency: Medium (Common in everyday language, especially in literature and news, but not as frequent as basic adjectives like "big" or "small").

Difficulty: B2 (Intermediate; requires understanding of Russian adjective declensions and vocabulary for unexpected events, suitable for learners with some experience in Slavic languages).

Pronunciation (Russian):

внезапный: /vʲnʲɪˈzapnɨj/

Note on внезапный: The stress falls on the third syllable ("zap"), and the initial "v" is palatalized, which can be challenging for English speakers. Pronounce it with a soft "n" sound as in "news".

Audio: []

Meanings and Usage:

Primary Meaning: Happening quickly and unexpectedly

Translation(s) & Context:

• внезапный - Used in formal or narrative contexts to describe events that occur without warning, such as in news reports or literature.

Usage Examples:

• Внезапный дождь испортил наш пикник. (Vnezapnyy dozh' isportil nash piknik.)

  A sudden rain ruined our picnic. (This example shows the adjective in a nominative singular masculine context, describing an unexpected weather event.)

• Её внезапное решение шокировало всех. (Eyey vnezapnoye resheniye shokirovalo vsekh.)

  Her sudden decision shocked everyone. (Here, the adjective is in the nominative singular neuter form, illustrating its use with abstract nouns.)

• Внезапные изменения в графике вызвали путаницу. (Vnezapnyye izmeneniya v grafike vyzvali putanitsu.)

  Sudden changes in the schedule caused confusion. (This demonstrates the plural form in a real-world scenario, such as work or travel.)

• Он почувствовал внезапную боль в ноге. (On pochuvstvoval vnezapnuyu bol' v noze.)

  He felt a sudden pain in his leg. (Example in accusative singular feminine, common in medical or personal descriptions.)

• Внезапный визит гостей обрадовал семью. (Vnezapnyy vizit gostey obradoval sem'yu.)

  The sudden visit of guests delighted the family. (Shows the adjective with a noun in genitive plural, in social contexts.)

Russian Forms/Inflections:

внезапный is an adjective in Russian, which means it inflects based on gender, number, and case. It follows the standard first-declension pattern for adjectives, with no irregularities. Below is a table outlining its key inflections:

Note: This adjective does not change in short form usage, but always agrees with the noun it modifies.

Russian Synonyms/Antonyms:

• Synonyms:
  • неожиданный (neozhidannyy) - Similar, but often implies more surprise; used in informal contexts.
  • резкий (rezkiy) - Emphasizes abruptness, especially in changes or sounds; common in everyday speech.
• Antonyms:
  • постепенный (postepennyy) - Gradual or slow in development.
  • предсказуемый (predskazuemyy) - Predictable, lacking surprise.

Related Phrases:

• внезапная смерть (vnezapnaya smert') - Sudden death; a phrase used in medical or dramatic contexts to describe an unexpected fatality.
• внезапный поворот (vnezapnyy povorot) - Sudden turn; often refers to plot twists in stories or life events, with a connotation of surprise.
• внезапное нападение (vnezapnoye napadeniye) - Sudden attack; common in military or historical discussions.

Usage Notes:

внезапный directly corresponds to "sudden" in English, but it's more commonly used in formal writing or spoken narratives rather than casual conversation. Always ensure the adjective agrees in gender, number, and case with the noun it modifies, as Russian grammar requires this for clarity. For example, choose внезапный for masculine nouns and внезапная for feminine ones. When deciding between synonyms like неожиданный, consider the level of emotional surprise—внезапный is neutral, while неожиданный adds a personal element. In professional contexts, such as business or news, this word helps convey urgency without exaggeration.

Common Errors:

• Using the wrong case or gender: English learners often forget to decline the adjective, e.g., saying "внезапный дом" instead of "внезапный дом" in nominative, but erring in other cases like genitive ("внезапного дома" should be used, not "внезапный дома"). Correct usage: Always check the noun's case; for example, "Я видел внезапное событие" (I saw a sudden event) vs. incorrect "Я видел внезапный событие".

• Confusing with synonyms: Learners might misuse внезапный for резкий, thinking they mean the same, but резкий implies sharpness or harshness. Example: Incorrect: "Резкий дождь" for a gentle sudden rain; Correct: "Внезапный дождь". This can alter the intended meaning.

Cultural Notes:

In Russian culture, words like внезапный often appear in literature and folklore to describe fate or unexpected twists, reflecting a philosophical view of life as unpredictable. For instance, in classic Russian novels by authors like Tolstoy, sudden events symbolize the chaos of human existence, emphasizing themes of destiny and resilience.

Related Concepts:

• экстренный (ekstrennyy) - Emergency
• неожиданность (neozhidannost') - Unexpectedness
• кризис (krizis) - Crisis