Russian Translation(s) & Details for 'stroke'

English Word: stroke

Key Russian Translations:

• инсульт /ɪnˈsʊlt/ - [Formal, Medical]
• удар /uˈdar/ - [Informal, General or Physical Contexts]
• штрих /ʂtrʲix/ - [Formal, Artistic or Writing Contexts]

Frequency: Medium (Common in medical and everyday discussions, but varies by context)

Difficulty: B1 for 'инсульт' (Intermediate, as it involves medical vocabulary); B2 for 'удар' and 'штрих' (Upper Intermediate, due to potential nuances in usage)

Pronunciation (Russian):

инсульт: /ɪnˈsʊlt/ (Stress on the second syllable; the 'и' is pronounced as a short 'i' sound)

Note on инсульт: Be cautious with the soft 'л' sound, which can be tricky for English speakers; it's similar to the 'l' in 'million'.

удар: /uˈdar/ (Stress on the second syllable; the 'у' is a back vowel like in 'boot')

Note on удар: The 'д' is a voiced dental stop, and in fast speech, it may soften; common in imperative forms.

штрих: /ʂtrʲix/ (Stress on the first syllable; the 'ш' is a voiceless retroflex fricative, similar to 'sh' in 'shesh')

Note on штрих: This word often appears in artistic contexts and has a palatalized 'р' which adds a subtle 'y' glide.

Audio: []

Meanings and Usage:

Meaning 1: A sudden disabling attack or loss of consciousness caused by an interruption in the flow of blood to the brain (e.g., medical context).

Translation(s) & Context:

• инсульт - Used in formal medical or health-related discussions, often in professional settings like hospitals.

Usage Examples:

• Врач диагностировал у него инсульт после обследования.

  The doctor diagnosed him with a stroke after the examination.

• Инсульт может привести к серьёзным осложнениям, если не оказать timely помощь.

  A stroke can lead to serious complications if timely help is not provided.

• Её бабушка пережила инсульт и теперь проходит реабилитацию.

  Her grandmother survived a stroke and is now undergoing rehabilitation.

• Профилактика инсульта включает здоровый образ жизни и регулярные проверки.

  Stroke prevention involves a healthy lifestyle and regular check-ups.

Meaning 2: An act of hitting or striking something, often in a physical or sports context.

Translation(s) & Context:

• удар - Used in informal or everyday contexts, such as sports, accidents, or casual descriptions.

Usage Examples:

• Футболист нанёс мощный удар по мячу, забив гол.

  The footballer delivered a powerful stroke to the ball, scoring a goal.

• При аварии произошёл сильный удар, повредивший машину.

  There was a heavy stroke in the accident, damaging the car.

• Его удар рукой был быстрым, но неэффективным в драке.

  His stroke with his hand was quick but ineffective in the fight.

• В теннисе точный удар может решить исход матча.

  In tennis, a precise stroke can decide the outcome of the match.

• Удар молнии осветил небо во время бури.

  The stroke of lightning lit up the sky during the storm.

Meaning 3: A line or mark made by a pen, brush, or tool, as in art or writing.

Translation(s) & Context:

• штрих - Used in formal or creative contexts, such as painting, drawing, or graphic design.

Usage Examples:

• Художник добавил тонкий штрих, чтобы завершить картину.

  The artist added a fine stroke to finish the painting.

• В каллиграфии каждый штрих должен быть идеальным.

  In calligraphy, every stroke must be perfect.

• Её подпись отличается элегантными штрихами.

  Her signature is distinguished by elegant strokes.

• Штрих кистью придал текстуре глубину.

  The stroke of the brush added depth to the texture.

Russian Forms/Inflections:

All key translations are nouns. Russian nouns inflect based on case, number, and gender. Below is a table for each:

Form/Inflection for 'инсульт' (Masc., 2nd declension)	Example
Nominative (Nom.): инсульт	Инсульт произошёл внезапно. (The stroke happened suddenly.)
Genitive (Gen.): инсульта	Признаки инсульта. (Signs of the stroke.)
Dative (Dat.): инсульту	Помощь при инсульту. (Help for the stroke.)
Accusative (Acc.): инсульт	Диагностировать инсульт. (To diagnose the stroke.)
Instrumental (Ins.): инсультом	Вызванный инсультом. (Caused by the stroke.)
Prepositional (Prep.): инсульте	О инсульте. (About the stroke.)
Plural (if applicable): инсульты (rare)	Несколько инсультов в семье. (Several strokes in the family.)

Form/Inflection for 'удар' (Masc., 2nd declension)	Example
Nominative: удар	Удар был сильным.
Genitive: удара	После удара.

For 'штрих' (Masc., follows similar patterns but is less variable in plural forms), it remains relatively unchanged in basic usage.

Russian Synonyms/Antonyms:

• Synonyms:
  • инсульт: апоплексия (more archaic, used in historical medical texts)
  • удар: толчок (for a lighter hit, in casual contexts)
  • штрих: мазок (in painting, implying a broader application)
• Antonyms:
  • инсульт: выздоровление (recovery, opposite in medical context)
  • удар: защита (protection, as in avoiding a hit)
  • штрих: размытие (blurring, opposite in artistic precision)

Related Phrases:

• Инсульт мозга - Brain stroke; Refers to a cerebrovascular event in medical contexts.
• Нанести удар - To deliver a stroke; Common in combat or sports scenarios.
• Добавить штрих - To add a stroke; Used in creative writing or art for refinement.

Usage Notes:

The English word 'stroke' corresponds closely to these Russian translations, but selection depends on context: use 'инсульт' for medical emergencies, 'удар' for physical actions, and 'штрих' for artistic ones. Note that Russian nouns require case agreement, so always adjust based on sentence structure. For formal writing, prefer 'инсульт' over informal alternatives. When choosing between translations, consider the audience—medical professionals may expect precise terminology.

Common Errors:

• English learners often confuse 'инсульт' with 'удар' in medical contexts, e.g., saying "удар" instead of "инсульт" for a brain event. Incorrect: "У него был удар." Correct: "У него был инсульт." Explanation: 'Удар' implies a physical hit, not a neurological condition.
• Another error is improper inflection, e.g., using nominative in all cases. Incorrect: "О удар" (should be "О ударе"). Correct: Always match the case, like genitive for possession.

Cultural Notes:

In Russian culture, 'инсульт' (stroke) is a sensitive topic due to high prevalence in older populations, often linked to stress from historical events like the Soviet era. It symbolizes vulnerability, and discussions may involve family caregiving traditions, emphasizing community support in health crises.

Related Concepts:

• Апоплексия
• Реабилитация
• Мозговой инсульт