Russian Translation(s) & Details for 'stratification'

English Word: stratification

Key Russian Translations:

• стратификация [stra.ti.fi.'ka.tsi.ja] - [Formal, Technical]

Frequency: Medium (Common in academic, social science, and geological contexts, but not everyday conversation)

Difficulty: B2 (Intermediate; requires familiarity with Russian loanwords and scientific terminology)

Pronunciation (Russian):

стратификация: [stra.ti.fi.'ka.tsi.ja]

Note on стратификация: The stress falls on the fourth syllable ('ka'), which is common in Russian borrowed words. Pay attention to the soft consonants (e.g., 't' and 'f' may sound palatalized). Variations in pronunciation can occur based on regional accents.

Audio: []

Meanings and Usage:

Social stratification (the division of society into layers based on factors like class, wealth, or status)

Translation(s) & Context:

• стратификация - Used in formal discussions of sociology, economics, or politics to describe hierarchical structures in society.

Usage Examples:

• В современном обществе стратификация часто определяется экономическим неравенством.

  In modern society, stratification is often determined by economic inequality.

• Стратификация классов в истории России повлияла на социальные реформы.

  Class stratification in Russian history influenced social reforms.

• Исследования стратификации помогают понять динамику социальных изменений.

  Studies of stratification help understand the dynamics of social changes.

• Стратификация по образованию является ключевым фактором в карьерном росте.

  Stratification based on education is a key factor in career growth.

Geological stratification (the layering of rock or sediment in the Earth's crust)

Translation(s) & Context:

• стратификация - Applied in scientific contexts like geology or archaeology to describe natural layering processes.

Usage Examples:

• Геологическая стратификация позволяет датировать древние отложения.

  Geological stratification allows for dating ancient deposits.

• Стратификация почвы в Сибири обусловлена ледниковыми периодами.

  Soil stratification in Siberia is due to glacial periods.

• Изучение стратификации горных пород помогает в поисках полезных ископаемых.

  The study of stratification in rock formations aids in searching for minerals.

Russian Forms/Inflections:

"Стратификация" is a feminine noun (женский род) borrowed from Latin/Greek roots, and it follows the standard patterns of third-declension nouns in Russian. It is relatively unchanging in its base form but inflects for case, number, and gender where applicable.

Note: This word does not have irregular inflections, making it straightforward for learners, but always check context for proper case usage.

Russian Synonyms/Antonyms:

• Synonyms:
  • слоистость (sloistost') - Refers to layering in a more physical sense, often in geology.
  • иерархия (ierarkhiya) - Emphasizes hierarchical structure, especially in social contexts.
• Antonyms:
  • равенство (ravnost') - Implies equality, contrasting with layered divisions.
  • гомогенность (gomogennost') - Suggests uniformity or lack of layers.

Related Phrases:

• Социальная стратификация - Social stratification; commonly used in discussions of inequality.
• Геологическая стратификация слоев - Geological stratification of layers; refers to rock formation analysis.
• Стратификация общества по доходам - Stratification of society by income; highlights economic divides.

Usage Notes:

"Стратификация" directly corresponds to the English "stratification" as a loanword, making it a precise match in technical fields. It is typically used in formal or academic settings, so avoid it in casual conversations. When choosing between translations, opt for "стратификация" in scientific contexts for accuracy. Grammatically, ensure it agrees with the case required by the sentence structure, as Russian nouns must inflect. For example, in questions or descriptions, it often appears in the nominative or genitive case.

Common Errors:

• Error: Using "стратификация" without proper case inflection, e.g., saying "о стратификация" instead of "о стратификации" (genitive case). Correct: "О стратификации общества" (About social stratification). Explanation: Russian requires nouns to change based on case, so learners must identify the governing preposition or verb.

• Error: Confusing it with "стратифицировать" (to stratify), which is a verb. For instance, saying "стратификация процесс" instead of "процесс стратификации". Correct: "Процесс стратификации" (The process of stratification). Explanation: "Стратификация" is a noun, so it shouldn't be used as a verb without the proper form.

Cultural Notes:

In Russian culture and history, "стратификация" often relates to social and economic divides, such as those seen during the Soviet era or in post-Soviet reforms. It carries connotations of class barriers, which have been a recurring theme in Russian literature (e.g., in works by Tolstoy or modern analyses of inequality), helping to understand societal dynamics in Russia.

Related Concepts:

• иерархия (hierarchy)
• неравенство (inequality)
• слои общества (layers of society)