Russian Translation(s) & Details for 'stout'

English Word: stout

Key Russian Translations:

• стаут [staʊt] - [Informal, Used in contexts related to beverages, e.g., beer types]
• крепкий [ˈkrʲepkʲɪj] - [Formal/Informal, Adjectival use for sturdy or strong qualities]
• плотный [ˈplotnɨj] - [Formal, Often used for physical density or robustness]

Frequency: Medium - The word 'stout' as a noun (beer) is moderately common in Russian contexts involving international cuisine or beverages, while as an adjective, it's fairly frequent in everyday descriptions.

Difficulty: B1 (Intermediate) for 'стаут' as it involves borrowing from English; B2 (Upper-Intermediate) for 'крепкий' and 'плотный' due to noun agreement and adjectival inflections in Russian sentences.

Pronunciation (Russian):

стаут: [staʊt] - This is a loanword from English, pronounced similarly with a focus on the diphthong.

Note on стаут: The pronunciation may vary slightly in casual speech, with the 't' sometimes softened; common in urban Russian dialects.

крепкий: [ˈkrʲepkʲɪj] - Stress on the first syllable; the 'к' is palatalized.

Note on крепкий: Pay attention to the soft 'к' sound, which can be tricky for English speakers due to Russian palatalization rules.

плотный: [ˈplotnɨj] - Stress on the first syllable; the 'ы' sound is a central vowel unique to Russian.

Note on плотный: The ending 'ый' changes based on gender, affecting pronunciation in inflected forms.

Audio: []

Meanings and Usage:

Meaning 1: As a noun, referring to a type of dark, strong beer.

Translation(s) & Context:

• стаут - Used in informal or culinary contexts when discussing imported or specific beer varieties, often in bars or recipes.

Usage Examples:

• Я предпочитаю стаут по вечерам, потому что он такой густой и насыщенный.

  I prefer stout in the evenings because it's so thick and rich.

• В этом пабе подают отличный стаут, импортированный из Ирландии.

  This pub serves an excellent stout imported from Ireland.

• Стаут идеально сочетается с шоколадными десертами для контраста вкусов.

  Stout pairs perfectly with chocolate desserts for a contrast of flavors.

• Если вы любите темное пиво, попробуйте стаут на разлив.

  If you like dark beer, try stout on tap.

• Мой друг варит стаут дома, используя традиционные ингредиенты.

  My friend brews stout at home using traditional ingredients.

Meaning 2: As an adjective, meaning sturdy, robust, or thickset.

Translation(s) & Context:

• крепкий - Used in formal or everyday contexts to describe physical strength, durability, or density.
• плотный - Applied in contexts emphasizing compactness or thickness, such as materials or builds.

Usage Examples:

• Этот крепкий мужчина смог поднять тяжелый ящик без усилий.

  This stout man was able to lift the heavy box without effort.

• Ее плотный свитер идеален для холодной зимы в России.

  Her stout sweater is perfect for the cold Russian winter.

• Крепкий чай помогает мне оставаться бодрым утром.

  Stout tea helps me stay alert in the morning.

• Плотный материал обуви обеспечивает хорошую защиту от дождя.

  The stout material of the shoes provides good protection from rain.

• В горах нам нужны крепкие ботинки для длительных походов.

  In the mountains, we need stout boots for long hikes.

Russian Forms/Inflections:

For 'стаут' (noun, masculine, often treated as indeclinable due to its loanword status):

It is typically invariant in most cases, but can follow general masculine noun patterns in informal use.

For 'крепкий' (adjective):

It follows standard Russian adjectival inflections, agreeing in gender, number, and case.

For 'плотный' (adjective): Similar to 'крепкий', it inflects regularly based on gender, number, and case.

Russian Synonyms/Antonyms:

• Synonyms for стаут: темное пиво (dark beer), портер (porter)
• Synonyms for крепкий: robustный (robust), сильный (strong) - Note: 'сильный' emphasizes physical power more directly.
• Synonyms for плотный: густой (thick), массивный (massive)
• Antonyms: слабый (weak), жидкий (thin or watery for beverages)

Related Phrases:

• Крепкий кофе - A strong coffee, often used for energizing drinks.
• Плотный завтрак - A hearty breakfast, implying a substantial meal.
• Стаут на разлив - Stout on tap, common in pub settings.
• Крепкий сон - A sound sleep, referring to deep and restorative rest.

Usage Notes:

'Стаут' is a direct borrowing and is used almost exclusively for the beer type, making it a straightforward equivalent to the English noun. For the adjectival 'stout', 'крепкий' is more versatile in everyday Russian and can describe physical or metaphorical strength, while 'плотный' is better for tangible density. Be mindful of gender agreement when using adjectives; for example, pair 'крепкий' with masculine nouns. In formal writing, opt for 'крепкий' over 'стаут' for broader applicability.

Common Errors:

• Error: Using 'стаут' as an adjective, e.g., "стаут человек" instead of "крепкий человек".
  Correct: "Крепкий человек" means "a stout person". Explanation: 'Стаут' is a noun, so it doesn't inflect like an adjective; this misuse can confuse native speakers.
• Error: Forgetting to inflect adjectives, e.g., saying "крепкий женщина" instead of "крепкая женщина".
  Correct: "Крепкая женщина". Explanation: Russian adjectives must agree in gender, so always adjust the ending based on the noun.

Cultural Notes:

In Russian culture, 'стаут' as a beer type reflects influences from British and Irish traditions, often enjoyed in social settings like festivals or casual gatherings. 'Крепкий' can carry connotations of resilience, evoking historical themes of endurance in Russian literature, such as in works by Tolstoy, where characters' 'stout' qualities symbolize survival in harsh conditions.

Related Concepts:

• пиво (beer)
• крепость (fortress or strength)
• плотность (density)
• робустность (robustness)