Russian Translation(s) & Details for 'stroke'

English Word: stroke

Key Russian Translations:

• удар [ˈudər] - [Informal, General use for a physical hit or blow]
• инсульт [ɪnˈsʊlt] - [Formal, Medical context for a cerebrovascular event]

Frequency: Medium (Common in everyday language for 'удар' and in medical discussions for 'инсульт')

Difficulty: B1 for 'удар' (Intermediate, as it involves basic noun inflections); B2 for 'инсульт' (Upper Intermediate, due to medical vocabulary)

Pronunciation (Russian):

удар: [ˈudər]

Note on удар: The stress is on the first syllable; the 'a' sound is similar to the 'a' in "father" in English. Be cautious with the soft 'd' sound.

Audio: Listen to pronunciation of удар

инсульт: [ɪnˈsʊlt]

Note on инсульт: The stress is on the second syllable; the 'у' is pronounced like the 'oo' in "book," and it's a loanword from Latin, so it may vary slightly in casual speech.

Audio: Listen to pronunciation of инсульт

Meanings and Usage:

Meaning 1: A sudden disabling attack or loss of consciousness caused by an interruption in the flow of blood to the brain (medical context).

Translation(s) & Context:

• инсульт - Used in formal medical or health-related discussions, often in professional settings like hospitals.

Usage Examples:

• Его отец перенес инсульт и теперь проходит реабилитацию.

  His father had a stroke and is now undergoing rehabilitation.

• Инсульт может быть вызван высоким кровяным давлением или тромбом.

  A stroke can be caused by high blood pressure or a blood clot.

• Врачи быстро отреагировали на признаки инсульта у пациентки.

  The doctors quickly responded to the signs of a stroke in the patient.

• Профилактика инсульта включает здоровый образ жизни и регулярные проверки.

  Stroke prevention involves a healthy lifestyle and regular check-ups.

Meaning 2: An act of hitting or striking something, such as in sports or physical actions.

Translation(s) & Context:

• удар - Used in informal, everyday contexts like sports, accidents, or descriptions of physical force.

Usage Examples:

• Теннисист сделал мощный удар по мячу, и он перелетел сетку.

  The tennis player made a powerful stroke on the ball, and it flew over the net.

• Удар молнии в дерево вызвал пожар в лесу.

  The stroke of lightning on the tree caused a fire in the forest.

• В боксе правильный удар может решить исход боя.

  In boxing, a proper stroke can decide the outcome of the fight.

• Она нанесла легкий удар по клавише, чтобы проверить инструмент.

  She gave a light stroke to the key to test the instrument.

• Удар ветра сломал ветку дерева во время шторма.

  The stroke of the wind broke a tree branch during the storm.

Russian Forms/Inflections:

Both 'удар' and 'инсульт' are masculine nouns in Russian, which means they follow standard masculine noun patterns. 'Удар' is a common noun with regular inflections, while 'инсульт' is less frequently inflected due to its medical context but still follows basic rules.

Note: 'Удар' has regular consonant stem inflections, while 'инсульт' is invariant in many contexts but can inflect as shown.

Russian Synonyms/Antonyms:

• Synonyms for удар: толчок (push), хлопок (slap) - 'Толчок' implies a shove, often in casual contexts.
• Synonyms for инсульт: апоплексия (apoplexy) - Used in older or very formal medical texts.
• Antonyms for удар: защита (protection) - Refers to defense against a hit.
• Antonyms for инсульт: здоровье (health) - General opposite in medical contexts.

Related Phrases:

• Мощный удар - A powerful stroke; used in sports or descriptions of force.
• Инсульт мозга - Stroke of the brain; refers to a specific type of cerebrovascular event.
• Предотвратить инсульт - To prevent a stroke; common in health advice contexts.

Usage Notes:

'Удар' corresponds more directly to the physical or action-oriented meaning of 'stroke' in English, such as in sports, and is versatile in informal settings. 'Инсульт' is strictly for the medical sense and should be used in professional or formal contexts to avoid confusion. When choosing between translations, consider the context: medical scenarios demand 'инсульт', while everyday physical actions use 'удар'. Grammatically, both nouns require appropriate case agreement with verbs and prepositions in sentences.

Common Errors:

English learners often confuse 'удар' with 'ударение' (stress, as in pronunciation), leading to sentences like "Он получил удар в голосе" (incorrect, meaning "He got a stroke in his voice"), instead of the correct "Он получил удар в руку" (He got a stroke on his arm). Another error is using 'инсульт' in non-medical contexts, e.g., "Это был инсульт мяча" (wrong for a ball hit), when 'удар' is needed. Correct usage: Always pair with the right context and inflect properly, e.g., "После инсульта" (After the stroke) in genitive case.

Cultural Notes:

In Russian culture, 'инсульт' carries a significant stigma due to its association with aging and health crises, often discussed in family contexts or public health campaigns. It's linked to historical events, like the Soviet-era emphasis on preventive medicine, which still influences modern health education in Russia.

Related Concepts:

• травма (injury)
• апоплексия (apoplexy)
• реабилитация (rehabilitation)