Russian Translation(s) & Details for 'serum'

English Word: serum

Key Russian Translations:

• сыворотка [sɨˈvorɐtkə] - [Formal, Medical or Cosmetic Context]

Frequency: Medium (Common in medical, scientific, and beauty contexts, but not everyday conversation)

Difficulty: B1 (Intermediate, as it involves basic noun declensions; learners at this level can grasp it with some practice)

Pronunciation (Russian):

сыворотка: [sɨˈvorɐtkə]

Note on сыворотка: The stress is on the third syllable ("vor"), which is a common point of difficulty for English speakers due to Russian's variable stress patterns. Pronounce the "ы" as a high central vowel, similar to the 'i' in "bit" but more centralized.

Audio: []

Meanings and Usage:

1. Blood serum (a clear liquid derived from blood)

Translation(s) & Context:

• сыворотка - Used in medical or scientific contexts, such as in laboratories or health discussions.

Usage Examples:

• Врачи используют сыворотку для анализа антител в крови пациента.

  Doctors use serum to analyze antibodies in a patient's blood.

• Сыворотка крови может быть ключевым элементом в диагностике инфекций.

  Blood serum can be a key element in diagnosing infections.

• В лаборатории мы изолировали сыворотку для дальнейших исследований.

  In the lab, we isolated the serum for further studies.

• Сыворотка часто применяется в вакцинах для повышения иммунитета.

  Serum is often used in vaccines to boost immunity.

2. Cosmetic serum (a skincare product for hydration or treatment)

Translation(s) & Context:

• сыворотка - Common in beauty and wellness contexts, such as product descriptions or daily routines.

Usage Examples:

• Я наношу сыворотку на лицо каждое утро для увлажнения кожи.

  I apply serum to my face every morning for skin hydration.

• Эта сыворотка содержит витамин C и помогает бороться с морщинами.

  This serum contains vitamin C and helps fight wrinkles.

• Сыворотка в моей уходовой рутине стала незаменимой для антиэйджинга.

  Serum has become indispensable in my skincare routine for anti-aging.

• Купите эту сыворотку, если у вас сухая кожа зимой.

  Buy this serum if you have dry skin in the winter.

• Сыворотка с гиалуроновой кислотой быстро впитывается и не оставляет жирного следа.

  Serum with hyaluronic acid absorbs quickly and doesn't leave a greasy residue.

Russian Forms/Inflections:

"Сыворотка" is a feminine noun (1st declension in Russian). It follows regular patterns for most cases but has specific changes based on number and case. Below is a table of its inflections:

Note: This word does not have irregular forms, making it straightforward for learners, but always pay attention to case endings in sentences.

Russian Synonyms/Antonyms:

• Synonyms:
  • сычужина (syvuzhina) - A more archaic or specific term for whey in dairy contexts.
  • эссенция (essentsiya) - Used in cosmetic contexts, implying a concentrated essence.
• Antonyms:
  • кровь (krov') - Blood, as it contrasts with the serum derived from it.

Related Phrases:

• Сыворотка крови (Syvorotka krovi) - Blood serum; a phrase used in medical diagnostics to refer to the liquid component of blood.
• Косметическая сыворотка (Kosmeticheskaya syvorotka) - Cosmetic serum; commonly seen in skincare product labels for targeted treatments.
• Иммунная сыворотка (Immunnaya syvorotka) - Immune serum; refers to serums used in immunology or vaccinations.

Usage Notes:

The Russian word "сыворотка" directly corresponds to "serum" in English but is versatile across contexts like medicine and cosmetics. In formal settings, it's preferred in scientific writing, while in everyday talk, it might be simplified. Always consider the genitive case for possession, e.g., "сыворотки крови" for "blood serum." If multiple translations exist, choose based on context: use "эссенция" for beauty products if emphasizing concentration. Beginners should practice declensions to avoid errors in agreements.

Common Errors:

• Error: Using "сыворотка" without proper case agreement, e.g., saying "Я взял сыворотка" instead of "Я взял сыворотку" (accusative case).

  Correct: "Я взял сыворотку для анализа." Explanation: Russian nouns change based on case; here, it should be accusative for direct objects.

• Error: Confusing "сыворотка" with "сыр" (cheese), as they sound similar.

  Correct: Use "сыворотка" only for serum contexts. Explanation: "Сыр" means cheese, so context clarifies, but mispronunciation can lead to confusion in oral communication.

Cultural Notes:

In Russian culture, "сыворотка" as a cosmetic term has gained popularity with the rise of international beauty brands, reflecting modern influences on skincare routines. Historically, in medical contexts, it ties to advancements in Soviet-era science, where blood serum was crucial in vaccine development, symbolizing Russia's contributions to global health.

Related Concepts:

• кровь (krov') - Blood
• вакцина (vaksina) - Vaccine
• косметика (kosmetika) - Cosmetics