Russian Translation(s) & Details for 'stock'

English Word: stock

Key Russian Translations:

• акция [ɐkˈtsʲijə] - [Formal, used in financial contexts]
• запас [zɐˈpas] - [Informal, used for inventory or reserves]
• склад [sklad] - [Neutral, specifically for storage or stockpile]

Frequency: Medium (commonly used in business and everyday contexts, but varies by specific meaning)

Difficulty: B1 for 'акция' (Intermediate, as it involves basic financial vocabulary); B2 for 'запас' and 'склад' (Upper-Intermediate, due to potential noun declensions)

Pronunciation (Russian):

акция: [ɐkˈtsʲijə]

запас: [zɐˈpas]

склад: [sklad]

Note on акция: The stress is on the second syllable; be careful with the palatalized 'ts' sound, which can be tricky for English speakers. Variations may occur in rapid speech.

Audio: []

Meanings and Usage:

Meaning 1: Financial stock (e.g., shares in a company)

Translation(s) & Context:

• акция - Used in formal business discussions, such as stock markets or investments.

Usage Examples:

• Я купил акции компании на бирже. (Ya kupil aktsii kompanii na birzhe.)

  I bought shares of the company on the stock exchange.

• Цена акций резко упала вчера. (Tsena aktsii resko upala vchera.)

  The stock price dropped sharply yesterday.

• Инвесторы торгуют акциями на фондовом рынке. (Investor torghuyut aktsiami na fondovom rynke.)

  Investors trade stocks on the stock market.

• Её портфель акций включает несколько голубых фишек. (Eyo portfyel aktsii vklyuchayet neskolko golubykh fishek.)

  Her stock portfolio includes several blue-chip stocks.

Meaning 2: Inventory or supplies (e.g., goods in storage)

Translation(s) & Context:

• запас - Informal, everyday contexts like warehousing or personal stockpiling.
• склад - Neutral, often referring to a physical storage area.

Usage Examples:

• Мы должны пополнить запасы продуктов на складе. (My dolzhny popolnit zapasy produktov na sklade.)

  We need to restock the supplies of products in the warehouse.

• Зимой всегда держим запасы дров в саду. (Zimoy vsegda derzhim zapasy drov v sadu.)

  In winter, we always keep a stock of firewood in the garden.

• Склад товаров был полностью опустошён после праздников. (Sklad tovarov byl polnostyu opustoshen posle prazdnikov.)

  The stock of goods was completely depleted after the holidays.

• Магазин управляет запасами через компьютерную систему. (Magazin upravlyaet zapasami cherez kompjyuternuyu sistemu.)

  The store manages its stock through a computer system.

Russian Forms/Inflections:

For 'акция' (feminine noun, 1st declension):

For 'запас' (masculine noun, follows standard patterns with irregularities in plural):

It is a masculine noun that changes regularly in most cases but has an irregular plural in genitive (запасов). Example: Nominative singular - запас; Genitive plural - запасов.

For 'склад' (masculine noun, no major irregularities):

It remains relatively unchanged in many forms, e.g., Nominative singular - склад; Plural - склады.

Russian Synonyms/Antonyms:

• Synonyms:
  • акция: доля (dolya) - More general, implying a share or portion.
  • запас: резерв (rezerv) - Often used in military or emergency contexts.
  • склад: хранилище (khranilishche) - Emphasizes storage facilities.
• Antonyms:
  • акция: убыток (ubytok) - Implies loss or deficit in financial contexts.
  • запас: дефицит (defitsit) - Indicates a shortage or lack of stock.
  • склад: пустота (pustota) - Literally means emptiness, contrasting with a full storage.

Related Phrases:

• Фондовая биржа (Fondovaya birzha) - Stock exchange; a key phrase in financial discussions.
• Пополнить запасы (Popolnit zapasy) - To restock; used for managing inventory.
• Акции роста (Aktsii rosta) - Growth stocks; refers to high-potential investments.
• Складской запас (Skladskoy zapas) - Warehouse stock; common in logistics.

Usage Notes:

'Акция' directly corresponds to 'stock' in financial contexts and is the most precise translation, but it's formal and best used in professional settings. 'Запас' is more versatile for general inventory but doesn't carry the financial connotation. When choosing between translations, consider the context: use 'акция' for markets and 'запас' for physical goods. Grammatically, these nouns require correct declension based on case, which is crucial in Russian sentence structure to avoid awkwardness.

• In informal speech, 'запас' might be shortened or used metaphorically, e.g., for emotional reserves.
• Always pair with appropriate prepositions, like 'на бирже' for stock exchanges.

Common Errors:

English learners often confuse 'акция' with 'акция' meaning 'action' or 'promotion' (as in sales), leading to misuse. For example:

• Incorrect: Я купил акцию для скидки. (Intended to mean a stock, but this implies a promotional action.)
• Correct: Я купил акции компании. (Properly refers to financial stocks.)
• Explanation: The word 'акция' has multiple meanings; specify context to avoid ambiguity. Another error is forgetting declensions, e.g., using nominative in all cases, which sounds unnatural in Russian.

Cultural Notes:

In Russia, 'акция' in the financial sense gained prominence post-Soviet era with the development of stock markets. It reflects modern economic integration, but historically, concepts like 'запас' tie into Russia's emphasis on preparedness, such as during winters or wars, symbolizing resilience and resource management in everyday life.

Related Concepts:

• инвестиция (investitsiya)
• рынок (rynok)
• товары (tovary)