Russian Translation(s) & Details for 'spillage'

English Word: spillage

Key Russian Translations:

• разлив (/rɐˈzlʲif/) - [Formal, Noun, Used in contexts involving liquids or materials spilling out]
• пролив (/prɐˈlʲif/) - [Informal, Noun, Often used for smaller or accidental spills, e.g., in everyday situations]
• утечка (/uˈtʲetʂkə/) - [Formal, Noun, Specifically for leaks or controlled spills, e.g., in technical or industrial contexts]

Frequency: Medium (Common in technical, environmental, and everyday discussions, but not as frequent as basic vocabulary like "water" or "house").

Difficulty: B1 (Intermediate level per CEFR; requires understanding of noun inflections and context-specific usage. For 'разлив', it's B1; for 'пролив', it might be A2 due to simpler forms.)

Pronunciation (Russian):

разлив: /rɐˈzlʲif/ (The stress is on the second syllable; the 'р' is a rolled 'r', and 'лʲ' has a soft 'l' sound.)

пролив: /prɐˈlʲif/ (Similar stress pattern; pay attention to the soft 'лʲ' for a more precise Russian accent.)

утечка: /uˈtʲetʂkə/ (The 'тʲ' is a palatalized 't', and the final 'a' is reduced in casual speech.)

Note on разлив: This word can have slight regional variations in pronunciation, such as a softer 'лʲ' in southern Russian dialects; practice with native speakers for accuracy.

Audio: []

Meanings and Usage:

Meaning 1: The act of spilling or overflowing, often accidentally (e.g., liquids or materials).

Translation(s) & Context:

• разлив - Used in formal or technical contexts, such as environmental disasters or lab accidents.
• пролив - Informal, for everyday mishaps like spilling coffee.

Usage Examples:

• В лаборатории произошёл разлив химикатов, что вызвало эвакуацию. (In the laboratory, a spillage of chemicals occurred, causing an evacuation.)

  English: In the laboratory, a spillage of chemicals occurred, causing an evacuation.

• Из-за пролива молока на кухне пришлось убирать пол. (Due to the spillage of milk in the kitchen, we had to clean the floor.)

  English: Due to the spillage of milk in the kitchen, we had to clean the floor.

• Утечка нефти в море привела к экологическому разливу. (The oil leak in the sea led to an environmental spillage.)

  English: The oil leak in the sea led to an environmental spillage.

• Во время транспортировки произошёл пролив топлива из бака. (During transportation, there was a spillage of fuel from the tank.)

  English: During transportation, there was a spillage of fuel from the tank.

• Разлив ядовитых веществ в реке угрожает местной фауне. (The spillage of toxic substances into the river threatens local wildlife.)

  English: The spillage of toxic substances into the river threatens local wildlife.

Meaning 2: The amount or quantity that has been spilled (e.g., a measurable loss).

Translation(s) & Context:

• разлив - In quantitative contexts, like reports or measurements.
• утечка - For controlled or measured spills in industrial settings.

Usage Examples:

• Объём разлива нефти оценивается в тысячи литров. (The volume of the spillage is estimated at thousands of liters.)

  English: The volume of the spillage is estimated at thousands of liters.

• После утечки газа был зафиксирован разлив в окружающую среду. (After the gas leak, a spillage into the environment was recorded.)

  English: After the gas leak, a spillage into the environment was recorded.

• Пролив краски с холста испортил весь пол в студии. (The spillage of paint from the canvas ruined the entire floor in the studio.)

  English: The spillage of paint from the canvas ruined the entire floor in the studio.

Russian Forms/Inflections:

These translations are primarily nouns. 'Разлив' and 'пролив' are masculine nouns with standard declensions, while 'утечка' is a feminine noun. They follow regular patterns in Russian grammar.

Note: These words do not change in plural forms as frequently, but 'разливы' (pl. of разлив) is used for multiple incidents. 'Утечка' is invariant in some contexts but follows standard feminine patterns.

Russian Synonyms/Antonyms:

• Synonyms:
  • пролитие (prolitie) - Similar to 'spillage' but more general; often used interchangeably with 'разлив' in casual speech.
  • вылив (vyliw) - Implies a pouring out, with a slight emphasis on intentionality.
• Antonyms:
  • сбор (sbor) - Collection or gathering, opposite in the context of containment.
  • удержание (uderzhanie) - Retention or holding back, contrasting with spilling.

Related Phrases:

• Разлив нефти (Oil spillage) - Refers to environmental disasters like oil spills; commonly used in news reports.
• Пролив жидкости (Spillage of liquid) - A general phrase for accidental liquid overflows in daily life.
• Утечка и разлив (Leak and spillage) - Often paired in technical contexts to describe sequential events.

Usage Notes:

'Разлив' is the most direct translation for 'spillage' in formal contexts, such as environmental or industrial scenarios, and aligns closely with English usage. Choose 'пролив' for informal, everyday situations to sound more natural. Be mindful of case endings in Russian sentences; for example, use the genitive case after prepositions like 'из-за' (because of). If multiple translations apply, select based on context: 'утечка' for controlled leaks versus 'разлив' for accidental events. This vocabulary is neutral in tone but can carry urgency in environmental discussions.

Common Errors:

• Error: Using 'разлив' in the wrong case, e.g., saying "из разлив" instead of "из разлива" (genitive). Correct: "Из разлива нефти" (From the oil spillage). Explanation: Russian nouns must agree in case with their governing words, which English learners often overlook.

• Error: Confusing 'разлив' with 'утечка' in contexts of intentional spills, e.g., using 'утечка' for a natural disaster. Correct: Use 'разлив' for accidental events. Explanation: 'Утечка' implies a leak from a container, while 'разлив' is broader for spills, so misuse can alter the meaning significantly.

Cultural Notes:

In Russia, terms like 'разлив нефти' (oil spillage) often evoke historical events such as the 1990s oil spills in the Arctic, highlighting environmental challenges due to the country's vast oil industry. This reflects a cultural emphasis on resource extraction versus conservation, making such vocabulary key in discussions about sustainability and national policy.

Related Concepts:

• экология (ecology)
• загрязнение (pollution)
• транспортировка (transportation)