Russian Translation(s) & Details for 'species'

English Word: species

Key Russian Translations:

• вид [vʲit] - [Formal, Singular, Used in scientific or biological contexts]
• порода [ˈporədə] - [Informal, Plural possible, Used for animal breeds or varieties]

Frequency: Medium (Common in scientific literature but less so in everyday conversation)

Difficulty: B1 (Intermediate; requires basic understanding of Russian noun cases and scientific vocabulary)

Pronunciation (Russian):

вид: [vʲit]

Note on вид: The 'в' is palatalized, which may be challenging for English speakers; it sounds softer, like 'v' in 'view'.

Audio: []

порода: [ˈporədə]

Note on порода: Stress on the first syllable; the 'о' is pronounced as in 'more'.

Audio: []

Meanings and Usage:

Biological classification (e.g., a group of organisms)

Translation(s) & Context:

• вид - Used in formal scientific discussions, such as taxonomy or biology.
• порода - Used in contexts involving animal or plant varieties, like breeding or agriculture.

Usage Examples:

• Этот вид птиц обитает в Сибири. (This species of birds inhabits Siberia.)

  English Translation: This species of birds inhabits Siberia.

• Учёные изучают новый вид насекомых. (Scientists are studying a new species of insects.)

  English Translation: Scientists are studying a new species of insects.

• Порода собак, которую вы выбрали, очень редкая. (The species/breed of dog you chose is very rare.)

  English Translation: The species/breed of dog you chose is very rare.

• В заповеднике охраняют endangered виды животных. (In the reserve, they protect endangered species of animals.)

  English Translation: In the reserve, they protect endangered species of animals.

• Этот вид растений адаптирован к холодному климату. (This species of plants is adapted to a cold climate.)

  English Translation: This species of plants is adapted to a cold climate.

General type or kind (e.g., metaphorical use)

Translation(s) & Context:

• вид - Used metaphorically in non-scientific contexts, such as describing categories.

Usage Examples:

• Этот вид искусства популярен среди молодёжи. (This species/type of art is popular among youth.)

  English Translation: This species/type of art is popular among youth.

• В магазине есть разные виды фруктов. (In the store, there are various species/types of fruits.)

  English Translation: In the store, there are various species/types of fruits.

Russian Forms/Inflections:

"вид" is a masculine noun in Russian and follows the standard declension pattern for third-declension nouns. It is invariable in the nominative singular but changes in other cases. "порода" is a feminine noun and follows first-declension patterns.

Russian Synonyms/Antonyms:

• Synonyms:
  • тип (tip) - More general, for any kind or type.
  • разновидность (raznovidnost') - Emphasizes variety or subtype.
• Antonyms:
  • невид (nevid) - Rare, meaning something unseen or nonexistent.

Related Phrases:

• Угрожаемый вид (Ugrozhayemyy vid) - Endangered species; used in conservation contexts.
• Новый вид (Novyy vid) - New species; common in scientific discoveries.
• Домашняя порода (Domashnyaya poroda) - Domestic breed; refers to pets or livestock.

Usage Notes:

• The English word "species" most directly corresponds to "вид" in Russian biological contexts, but "порода" is better for animal breeds. Always consider the context: use formal language in scientific writing.
• In everyday speech, "вид" can be metaphorical, similar to "type" in English, but it requires correct case agreement with adjectives or verbs.
• When choosing between translations, opt for "вид" for abstract or scientific uses and "порода" for tangible varieties like dogs or plants.

Common Errors:

• Error: Using "вид" without proper case inflection, e.g., saying "в вид" instead of "в виде" in prepositional contexts. Correct: "в виде" (in the form of). Explanation: Russian nouns must agree in case, which English learners often overlook.
• Error: Confusing "вид" with "вида" as if they are interchangeable; "вида" is genitive. Correct: Use genitive for possession, e.g., "вид животного" (species of animal). Explanation: This leads to grammatical errors in sentences.

Cultural Notes:

In Russian culture, terms like "вид" are heavily influenced by scientific traditions from the 19th century, such as those from Russian biologists like Karl Linnaeus's influence. It often carries connotations of exploration and national pride in biodiversity, especially in vast regions like Siberia.

Related Concepts:

• род (rod) - Genus
• семейство (semeystvo) - Family (biological classification)
• экосистема (ekosistema) - Ecosystem