Russian Translation(s) & Details for 'solder'

English Word: solder

Key Russian Translations:

• припой [pʲɪˈpoj] - [Noun, Technical, Singular]
• паять [pɐˈjatʲ] - [Verb, Informal, Used in everyday technical contexts]

Frequency: Medium (Common in technical, engineering, and DIY contexts, but not in general conversation)

Difficulty: B1 (Intermediate, as it involves specialized vocabulary; for 'припой' as a noun, it's straightforward, but 'паять' requires understanding verb conjugations)

Pronunciation (Russian):

припой: [pʲɪˈpoj]

паять: [pɐˈjatʲ]

Note on припой: The stress is on the second syllable; be careful with the palatalized 'п' sound, which is common in Russian nouns.

Note on паять: This is a first-conjugation verb; the 'я' sound can vary slightly in fast speech, potentially sounding like [pɐˈjat].

Audio: []

Meanings and Usage:

Solder as a material (Noun)

Translation(s) & Context:

• припой - Used in electronics, metalworking, or plumbing to refer to the alloy material that melts and joins metals; typically in formal or technical settings.

Usage Examples:

• Электрик использует припой для фиксации проводов в схеме.

  The electrician uses solder to fix the wires in the circuit.

• Без качественного припоя невозможно выполнить надежную пайку.

  Without quality solder, it's impossible to perform a reliable soldering job.

• В мастерской всегда есть припой на случай ремонта электроники.

  In the workshop, there's always solder on hand for electronics repairs.

• Припой может быть свинцовым или бессвинцовым, в зависимости от применения.

  Solder can be lead-based or lead-free, depending on the application.

Solder as an action (Verb)

Translation(s) & Context:

• паять - Used to describe the process of joining metals with heat; common in informal or practical contexts, such as hobbies or professional work.

Usage Examples:

• Я научился паять в школьном кружке электроники.

  I learned to solder in the school electronics club.

• Чтобы починить плату, нужно паять разъемы осторожно.

  To fix the board, you need to solder the connectors carefully.

• Механик будет паять детали, если они не поддаются склеиванию.

  The mechanic will solder the parts if they can't be glued.

• В профессиональной лаборатории паять приходится ежедневно.

  In a professional lab, soldering has to be done daily.

Russian Forms/Inflections:

For 'припой' (a masculine noun, 3rd declension):

This noun follows standard Russian declension patterns. It is invariant in the nominative singular but changes in other cases and numbers.

For 'паять' (a first-conjugation verb):

This verb is regular but has aspectual pairs; the imperfective form is 'паять', and the perfective is 'спаять'. It conjugates based on tense, person, and number.

Russian Synonyms/Antonyms:

• Synonyms:
  • лудь (lud') - A less common term for a type of solder, often used in historical or specific metallurgical contexts.
  • пайка (payka) - Refers more to the process but can synonymize with 'припой' in some cases, with a slight emphasis on the act.
• Antonyms: Not directly applicable, as 'solder' is a specific material or action; however, 'разъединять' (raz'yedinyat') could imply separation in contrast to joining.

Related Phrases:

• паяльный пистолет - A soldering iron; used for precise electrical work.
• спаять детали - To solder parts together; implies completing a connection in DIY projects.
• припой для электроники - Solder for electronics; commonly used in modern technology repair.

Usage Notes:

'Припой' directly corresponds to the English 'solder' as a noun, focusing on the material, while 'паять' matches the verb form. In Russian, these terms are primarily used in technical or professional settings, so context matters—avoid them in casual conversation. For verbs like 'паять', always consider aspect: use the imperfective for ongoing actions and perfective ('спаять') for completed ones. When choosing between translations, opt for 'припой' in written technical documents and 'паять' for descriptive actions.

Common Errors:

• Confusing 'припой' with 'пайка': Learners might use 'пайка' (which means the act of soldering) when they mean the material. Correct: Use 'припой' for the substance. Example of error: "Я использую пайка" (wrong); Correct: "Я использую припой".
• Incorrect verb conjugation: Non-native speakers often forget to adjust for gender in past tense, e.g., saying 'паял' for a female subject. Correct: Use 'паяла' for feminine. Example of error: "Она паял" (wrong); Correct: "Она паяла".

Cultural Notes:

In Russian culture, terms like 'припой' and 'паять' are linked to industrial and inventive traditions, stemming from Russia's history in engineering and space technology (e.g., Soviet-era electronics). They symbolize practicality and self-reliance, often featured in educational programs to promote technical skills.

Related Concepts:

• сварка (welding)
• клеить (to glue)
• электротехника (electrotechnics)