Russian Translation(s) & Details for 'slouch'

English Word: slouch

Key Russian Translations:

• сутулость [suˈtulʲəsʲtʲ] - [Noun, Informal; used in everyday descriptions of posture]
• сутулиться [suˈtulʲit͡sə] - [Verb, Informal; common in contexts describing habitual poor posture]
• сгорбиться [sɡɐrˈbʲit͡sə] - [Verb, Formal; used for sudden or intentional bending forward]

Frequency: Medium - The term is encountered in casual conversations about health, posture, or body language, but not as ubiquitous as basic vocabulary.

Difficulty: B1 (Intermediate) - Requires understanding of body-related descriptions; "сутулость" and related verbs are straightforward for learners at this level, though verb conjugations may pose challenges for beginners.

Pronunciation (Russian):

сутулость: [suˈtulʲəsʲtʲ]

сутулиться: [suˈtulʲit͡sə]

сгорбиться: [sɡɐrˈbʲit͡sə]

Note on сутулость: The stress is on the second syllable; be mindful of the soft 'л' sound, which can be tricky for English speakers due to its palatalization.

Audio: []

Meanings and Usage:

Noun: A drooping or bending forward of the head and shoulders, often implying laziness or poor posture.

Translation(s) & Context:

• сутулость - Used in informal contexts to describe chronic bad posture, such as in health discussions or everyday observations.

Usage Examples:

• Его сутулость заметна, когда он сидит за компьютером часами.

  His slouch is noticeable when he sits at the computer for hours.

• Врачи рекомендуют упражнения для исправления сутулости у подростков.

  Doctors recommend exercises to correct slouch in teenagers.

• Её сутулость делает её выглядящей старше, чем она есть.

  Her slouch makes her look older than she is.

• Сутулость может быть признаком усталости после долгого дня.

  Slouch can be a sign of fatigue after a long day.

Verb: To sit, stand, or move with a slouching posture, often indicating informality or fatigue.

Translation(s) & Context:

• сутулиться - Informal verb for habitual slouching, common in daily life or self-reflection.
• сгорбиться - More formal, used for deliberate or sudden actions, like in narratives or advice.

Usage Examples:

• Он сутулится за столом, что вредно для спины.

  He slouches at the desk, which is bad for his back.

• Не сутулься, straighten your back during the meeting.

  Don't slouch; straighten your back during the meeting.

• После тяжелого рабочего дня она сгорбилась на диване.

  After a tough workday, she slouched on the couch.

• Дети часто сутулятся, играя в видеоигры.

  Kids often slouch while playing video games.

• Сгорбись, чтобы спрятаться от дождя под козырьком.

  Slouch to hide from the rain under the awning.

Russian Forms/Inflections:

For "сутулость" (a feminine noun in the third declension):

For verbs like "сутулиться" and "сгорбиться" (imperfective and perfective aspects, respectively), they follow standard first conjugation patterns:

• Сутулиться (imperfective): Present: сутулюсь, сутулишься, etc.; Past: сутулился/а/о/и; Future: буду сутулиться.
• Сгорбиться (perfective): Past: сгорбился/а/о/и; No present or future forms as it's perfective.

Russian Synonyms/Antonyms:

• Synonyms:
  • сгорбленность (similar to сутулость, but implies more severe bending)
  • горб (hump, used metaphorically for extreme slouch)
  • наклон (tilt, for less pronounced postures)
• Antonyms:
  • прямота (straightness, implying good posture)
  • выпрямление (straightening)

Related Phrases:

• Исправить сутулость - To correct slouch (used in fitness or health contexts).
• Сгорбиться от усталости - To slouch from fatigue (common in daily expressions of exhaustion).
• Хорошая осанка vs. сутулость - Good posture vs. slouch (for comparisons in self-improvement talks).

Usage Notes:

In Russian, "сутулость" directly corresponds to the English "slouch" as a noun, emphasizing physical posture, while verbs like "сутулиться" capture the ongoing action. Use "сгорбиться" for more dramatic or instantaneous slouching. Be aware of formal contexts where these words might imply criticism of laziness, so choose based on tone. For learners, note that Russian verbs require aspect consideration—imperfective for habits and perfective for completed actions.

Common Errors:

• Confusing "сутулость" with "сгорбленность": Learners might overuse "сгорбленность" thinking it's a direct synonym, but it implies a more permanent deformity. Correct: Use "сутулость" for temporary slouch; Example: Wrong: "Его сгорбленность видна." Right: "Его сутулость видна."
• Misconjugating verbs: English speakers often forget aspect; e.g., saying "я сгорбился" for a habitual action instead of "я сутулюсь." Explanation: "Сгорбиться" is perfective, so it's for one-time events.

Cultural Notes:

In Russian culture, maintaining good posture (прямая осанка) is often linked to discipline and health, influenced by historical military and educational traditions. Terms like "сутулость" can carry a connotation of neglect or poor upbringing, so they might be used in parental advice or self-help contexts to encourage better habits.

Related Concepts:

• осанка (posture)
• спина (back)
• усталость (fatigue)