Russian Translation(s) & Details for 'skid'

English Word: skid

Key Russian Translations:

• скользить [skɐlʲˈʐɨtʲ] - [Informal, Verb; Used in contexts of slipping or sliding, e.g., vehicles on slippery surfaces]
• занос [zɐˈnos] - [Formal, Noun; Specifically for vehicular skidding or drift]

Frequency: Medium (Common in everyday language related to driving or weather, but not as frequent as basic verbs like 'идти').

Difficulty: B1 (Intermediate; Requires understanding of verb conjugations and contextual usage; for 'скользить' as a verb, it's B1, while 'занос' as a noun is A2 for beginners).

Pronunciation (Russian):

скользить: [skɐlʲˈʐɨtʲ]

Note on скользить: The 'ж' sound (as in [ʐɨtʲ]) is a voiced palatal fricative, similar to 'zh' in English 'measure'. Stress falls on the second syllable, which can be tricky for learners.

занос: [zɐˈnos]

Note on занос: The initial 'з' is a voiced alveolar fricative, like 'z' in 'zebra'. Stress is on the second syllable; common in automotive contexts.

Audio: []

Meanings and Usage:

Meaning 1: To slide or slip uncontrollably (e.g., as with a vehicle on ice).

Translation(s) & Context:

• скользить - Used in informal or descriptive contexts, such as describing motion on slippery surfaces; common in everyday speech or driving scenarios.
• занос - Used more formally, especially in technical or automotive discussions, to describe a drift or skid in vehicles.

Usage Examples:

• Машина скользит по мокрой дороге, и водитель теряет контроль.

  The car is skidding on the wet road, and the driver loses control.

• В дождь велосипеды часто скользят, поэтому нужно быть осторожным.

  Bikes often skid in the rain, so you need to be careful.

• Зимой на льду лыжи могут скользить слишком быстро.

  In winter, skis can skid too quickly on the ice.

• Во время заноса автомобиля важно правильно повернуть руль.

  During a car's skid, it's important to steer correctly.

• Дети учатся кататься на коньках, но иногда скользят и падают.

  Children are learning to skate, but sometimes they skid and fall.

Meaning 2: A device or part that prevents sliding (e.g., in machinery or vehicles).

Translation(s) & Context:

• занос (in a metaphorical sense) - Used in technical contexts for anti-skid mechanisms, though less common; often replaced by specific terms.
• тормозной колодка - For skid-prevention parts like brake pads.

Usage Examples:

• В этой модели автомобиля есть специальная система для предотвращения заноса.

  This car model has a special system to prevent skidding.

• Тормозной колодка помогает избежать скольжения на спуске.

  The brake pad helps avoid skidding on a downhill slope.

• Инженеры разрабатывают новые материалы, чтобы уменьшить риск заноса.

  Engineers are developing new materials to reduce the risk of skidding.

Russian Forms/Inflections:

For 'скользить' (a verb of the first conjugation), it follows standard Russian verb patterns with irregularities in some forms. It is an imperfective verb.

For 'занос' (a masculine noun, 2nd declension), it has standard noun inflections:

Note: 'занос' does not have irregular forms and remains unchanged in some contexts like compounds.

Russian Synonyms/Antonyms:

• Synonyms:
  • скольжение (skol'zhenie) - More general term for sliding, often used interchangeably in non-technical contexts.
  • дрейф (dreyf) - Specifically for drifting in vehicles, with a nautical connotation.
• Antonyms:
  • задержка (zaderzhka) - Implies stopping or holding back, contrasting with uncontrolled motion.
  • стабильность (stabil'nost') - Refers to stability, opposite in contexts of driving.

Related Phrases:

• избежать заноса - To avoid skidding; Used in driving safety contexts.
• скользить по льду - To skid on ice; Common in winter weather descriptions.
• система антизаноса - Anti-skid system; A technical phrase for vehicle features.

Usage Notes:

'Skid' in English often corresponds to 'скользить' for dynamic actions and 'занос' for specific events. Use 'скользить' in informal, everyday situations like describing a fall, while 'занос' is better for formal or technical discussions, such as in automotive manuals. Be mindful of context: in Russian, verbs like 'скользить' require agreement with subject gender and number. When choosing between translations, opt for 'занос' if the emphasis is on a sudden, vehicular drift, as it carries a more precise connotation.

• Grammar note: 'Скользить' is imperfective, so it's used for ongoing actions; pair it with perfective aspects like 'скользнуть' for completed events.
• Register: Avoid 'скользить' in highly formal writing; use it in spoken language or narratives.

Common Errors:

English learners often confuse 'скользить' with 'скользкий' (slippery), leading to misuse. For example:

• Error: Saying 'Дорога скользкий' (incorrect, as it should be an adjective form).
• Correct: 'Дорога скользкая' (The road is slippery) or 'Машина скользит' (The car is skidding). Explanation: 'Скользкий' is an adjective describing a surface, while 'скользить' is a verb for the action.
• Another error: Overusing 'занос' in non-vehicular contexts, e.g., saying 'Я занос на льду' instead of 'Я скользнул на льду'. Correct usage: 'Занос' is a noun, so use it as 'Произошел занос' (A skid occurred).

Cultural Notes:

In Russian culture, terms like 'занос' are particularly relevant in regions with harsh winters, such as Siberia, where skidding on ice is a common hazard. It often appears in driving education and folklore, symbolizing loss of control in adverse conditions, reflecting broader themes of resilience against nature's challenges.

Related Concepts:

• скольжение
• дрейф
• стабилизация