Russian Translation(s) & Details for 'shock'

English Word: shock

Key Russian Translations:

• шок [ʃok] - [Informal, Plural: шоки (in certain contexts)]
• шокировать [ʂɐˈkʲirəvətʲ] - [Formal, Used in emotional or dramatic contexts]
• удар [ʊˈdar] - [Informal, Specifically for physical shock or impact]

Frequency: Medium (Common in everyday conversations, media, and medical discussions)

Difficulty: B1 (Intermediate for learners; basic forms are straightforward, but verb conjugations may require practice)

Pronunciation (Russian):

шок: [ʃok]

шокировать: [ʂɐˈkʲirəvətʲ]

удар: [ʊˈdar]

Note on шокировать: The "ш" sound is a voiceless postalveolar fricative, which can be challenging for English speakers; it sounds similar to the "sh" in "shoe," but ensure the stress on the third syllable for natural flow.

Audio: []

Meanings and Usage:

1. A sudden upsetting or surprising event or experience (Noun form).

Translation(s) & Context:

• шок - Used in contexts of emotional surprise, medical emergencies, or psychological impact (e.g., in news reports or personal stories).
• удар - Applied when referring to a physical or metaphorical shock, such as an impact or blow (e.g., in sports or accidents).

Usage Examples:

• Он был в шоке от внезапной новости о аварии.

  He was in shock from the sudden news about the accident.

• После падения она пережила настоящий шок.

  After the fall, she experienced a real shock.

• Удар молнии вызвал шок у всех свидетелей.

  The lightning strike caused shock to all witnesses.

• Этот удар судьбы оставил его в глубоком шоке.

  This blow of fate left him in deep shock.

2. To cause great surprise or distress (Verb form).

Translation(s) & Context:

• шокировать - Used in formal or intense situations to describe something that deeply affects emotions, often in media, literature, or discussions (e.g., shocking revelations).

Usage Examples:

• Фильм шокировал аудиторию своими графическими сценами.

  The film shocked the audience with its graphic scenes.

• Её слова шокировали всю семью во время ужина.

  Her words shocked the entire family during dinner.

• Новости о скандале шокировали общественность.

  The news about the scandal shocked the public.

• Этот эксперимент шокировал учёных своими результатами.

  This experiment shocked the scientists with its results.

Russian Forms/Inflections:

For "шок" (noun, masculine), it follows standard Russian declension patterns for nouns ending in a consonant. It is indeclinable in some uses but can vary by case:

For "шокировать" (verb, imperfective), it is a first-conjugation verb with regular patterns. Example conjugations in present tense:

"удар" (noun, masculine) follows similar declension rules as "шок."

Russian Synonyms/Antonyms:

• Synonyms:
  • удивление (udivleniye) - Milder surprise, often without the intensity of shock.
  • потрясение (potryaseniye) - Similar to shock but implies a deeper emotional upheaval.
• Antonyms:
  • спокойствие (spokoystvo) - Calmness, directly opposing shock.
  • равнодушие (ravnodushiye) - Indifference, lacking any emotional response.

Related Phrases:

• Культурный шок (kul'turnyy shok) - Cultural shock; refers to the disorientation experienced when encountering a new culture.
• Электрический шок (elektricheskiy shok) - Electric shock; used in contexts of accidents or medical emergencies.
• Шокирующая новость (shokiruyushchaya novost') - Shocking news; a common phrase in media to describe surprising events.

Usage Notes:

"Шок" directly corresponds to the English "shock" in both emotional and physical senses, but it's more commonly used in informal settings. For verbs like "шокировать," choose it when emphasizing a strong reaction, similar to "to shock" in English. Be mindful of context: in formal writing, prefer "шокировать" over casual alternatives. Grammar note: Nouns like "шок" require correct case agreement with prepositions (e.g., в шоке for "in shock"). When multiple translations exist, select based on nuance—use "удар" for physical impacts to avoid confusion.

Common Errors:

• Mistake: Using "шок" without proper declension, e.g., saying "в шок" instead of "в шоке."
  Correct: "в шоке" (in shock). Explanation: Russian requires the prepositional case for locations or states.
• Mistake: Confusing "шокировать" with "удивить" (udivit'), treating them as identical.
  Correct: "Шокировать" implies a more intense, negative surprise; use "удивить" for neutral amazement. Example: Incorrect - "Это удивило меня сильно" (for a shocking event); Correct - "Это шокировало меня."
• Mistake: Overusing "шок" in plural forms unnecessarily.
  Correct: Stick to singular unless specifying multiple instances, as in "шоки" for general shocks.

Cultural Notes:

In Russian culture, "шок" often appears in discussions of historical events, like the cultural shock from the fall of the Soviet Union, highlighting rapid social changes. It can carry a connotation of resilience, as Russians frequently use it to describe adapting to adversity, reflecting a cultural emphasis on endurance in literature and media.

Related Concepts:

• травма (travma)
• эмоциональный стресс (emotsional'nyy stress)
• потрясение (potryaseniye)