Russian Translation(s) & Details for 'scrutinise'

English Word: scrutinise

Key Russian Translations:

• изучать [iːˈzu.t͡ɕətʲ] - [Formal, used for detailed examination]
• анализировать [ɐ.nə.lʲɪˈzʲi.rə.vətʲ] - [Formal, often in professional or scientific contexts]

Frequency: Medium (This verb is commonly used in written and formal speech, but not as frequent as basic verbs like "делать".)

Difficulty: B2 (Intermediate; requires understanding of verb conjugations and formal language structures. For 'изучать', it's B2; for 'анализировать', it's B2-C1 due to its technical nuances.)

Pronunciation (Russian):

изучать: [iːˈzu.t͡ɕətʲ]

Note on изучать: The stress is on the second syllable; be careful with the palatalized 'тʲ' sound, which is a common challenge for English speakers. It can vary slightly in rapid speech.

анализировать: [ɐ.nə.lʲɪˈzʲi.rə.vətʲ]

Note on анализировать: Stress on the third syllable; the 'лʲ' is softly palatalized, and this word often involves a rolling 'р' in some dialects.

Audio: []

Meanings and Usage:

To examine or inspect something very carefully

Translation(s) & Context:

• изучать - Used in formal or academic settings, such as researching documents or analyzing data.
• анализировать - Applied in professional contexts like business or science, emphasizing systematic review.

Usage Examples:

• Он тщательно изучает документы перед принятием решения.

  He scrutinises the documents carefully before making a decision.

• В лаборатории ученые анализируют образцы под микроскопом.

  In the laboratory, scientists scrutinise samples under a microscope.

• Судья изучает все детали дела, чтобы вынести вердикт.

  The judge scrutinises all the details of the case to deliver a verdict.

• Анализируя финансовые отчеты, менеджер выявляет возможные ошибки.

  By scrutinising financial reports, the manager identifies potential errors.

• Студенты изучают исторические тексты, чтобы понять контекст событий.

  Students scrutinise historical texts to understand the context of events.

To critically review or investigate

Translation(s) & Context:

• изучать - In investigative contexts, such as journalism or law.
• анализировать - For deeper critique, like in literary or policy analysis.

Usage Examples:

• Журналист изучает коррупционные схемы в правительстве.

  The journalist scrutinises corruption schemes in the government.

• Анализируя речь политика, эксперты выявляют противоречия.

  By scrutinising the politician's speech, experts uncover contradictions.

Russian Forms/Inflections:

Both 'изучать' and 'анализировать' are first conjugation verbs in Russian, which means they follow regular patterns but have specific inflections based on tense, aspect, and person. Russian verbs often distinguish between imperfective (ongoing action) and perfective (completed action) aspects.

For 'изучать' (Imperfective):

For 'анализировать' (Imperfective):

This verb follows a similar pattern but is less commonly used in everyday speech. It is invariant in its base form and conjugates regularly.

Note: These verbs do not change in imperative or infinitive forms beyond standard rules.

Russian Synonyms/Antonyms:

• Synonyms:
  • исследовать (issledovat') - More exploratory, often used in scientific contexts.
  • рассматривать (rassmatrivat') - Slightly less intensive, for general observation.
• Antonyms:
  • игнорировать (ignorirovat') - To ignore completely.
  • пропускать (propuskhat') - To overlook or skip.

Related Phrases:

• тщательно изучать - To scrutinise carefully; used when emphasizing detail in examination.
• анализировать данные - To analyse data; common in business or research settings.
• изучать под микроскопом - To scrutinise under a microscope; literal or figurative for close inspection.

Usage Notes:

'Изучать' is a more general translation for 'scrutinise' and works well in everyday formal contexts, while 'анализировать' implies a structured, often data-driven approach. Choose 'изучать' for broader inspections and 'анализировать' for technical scenarios. Be mindful of aspect in Russian: use imperfective for ongoing actions. In formal writing, these verbs pair well with adverbs like 'тщательно' (carefully).

Common Errors:

• Mistake: Using the infinitive form incorrectly in sentences, e.g., saying "Я изучать документ" instead of "Я изучаю документ".
  Correct: "Я изучаю документ" (I am scrutinising the document). Explanation: Russian verbs must be conjugated based on subject and tense.
• Mistake: Confusing with perfective aspects, e.g., using 'изучить' (to have studied) when an ongoing action is meant.
  Correct: Use 'изучать' for imperfective scrutiny. Explanation: English speakers often overlook Russian's aspect system, leading to tense mismatches.

Cultural Notes:

In Russian culture, words like 'изучать' reflect a emphasis on thoroughness and intellectual rigor, often seen in education and bureaucracy. For instance, in Russian literature and media, scrutinising texts or events is a common theme, symbolizing deep analytical traditions inherited from Soviet-era scholarship.

Related Concepts:

• проверка (proverka) - Verification or check.
• исследование (issledovanie) - Research or investigation.
• анализ (analiz) - Analysis.