Russian Translation(s) & Details for 'screw'

English Word: screw

Key Russian Translations:

• винт [vʲint] - [Formal, Noun; refers to a threaded fastener]
• шуруп [ʃurup] - [Informal, Noun; commonly used for wood screws]
• закручивать [zəkrʊˈtʲitʲ] - [Formal, Verb; to tighten or screw in]
• откручивать [ɐtkrʊˈtʲitʲ] - [Formal, Verb; to unscrew or loosen]

Frequency: Medium (The word 'screw' and its translations are commonly encountered in technical, mechanical, or everyday contexts, but not as frequent as basic vocabulary.)

Difficulty: B1 (Intermediate; requires understanding of basic noun and verb forms in Russian, with some exposure to technical vocabulary. For 'закручивать' and 'откручивать', difficulty may be B2 due to verb conjugations.)

Pronunciation (Russian):

винт: [vʲint] (The 'в' is pronounced as a voiced labiodental fricative, similar to 'v' in 'victory'. Stress on the first syllable.)

шуруп: [ʃurup] (The initial 'ш' is a voiceless postalveolar fricative, like 'sh' in 'shoe'. Stress on the first syllable.)

закручивать: [zəkrʊˈtʲitʲ] (Palatalized 'тʲ' at the end; stress on the third syllable. Note: The prefix 'за-' softens the pronunciation.)

Note on закручивать: Pay attention to the palatalization in verbs like this, which can be tricky for English speakers due to the soft consonants.

Audio: []

Meanings and Usage:

Meaning 1: As a noun, referring to a threaded fastener (e.g., in mechanics or hardware)

Translation(s) & Context:

• винт - Used in formal or technical contexts, such as engineering or manufacturing.
• шуруп - Informal, everyday usage, especially for screws in woodworking or home repairs.

Usage Examples:

• Я потерял винт от своей мебели. (Ya poteryal vint ot svoyey mebeli.)

  I lost the screw from my furniture. (This example shows 'винт' in a simple declarative sentence about a common household item.)

• Нужен шуруп для фиксации доски. (Nuzhen shurup dlya fiksatsii doski.)

  A screw is needed to fix the board. (Illustrates 'шуруп' in an imperative or descriptive context for DIY tasks.)

• Винты в этой машине очень маленькие. (Vinty v etoy mashine ochen' malen'kiye.)

  The screws in this machine are very small. (Demonstrates plural form in a technical description.)

• Шурупы ржавеют на воздухе. (Shurupy rzhavyut na vozdukhe.)

  Screws rust in the air. (Shows 'шурупы' in a plural, environmental context.)

Meaning 2: As a verb, meaning to tighten or fasten by twisting

Translation(s) & Context:

• закручивать - Formal verb for screwing in or tightening, often in mechanical or assembly contexts.
• откручивать - Formal verb for unscrewing or loosening.

Usage Examples:

• Пожалуйста, закрути винт потуже. (Pozhaluysta, zakruchi vint potuzhe.)

  Please screw the screw tighter. (This imperative sentence demonstrates 'закручивать' in a request for adjustment.)

• Он откручивает болты одним движением. (On otkruchivaet bolty odnim dvizheniem.)

  He unscrews the bolts with one motion. (Illustrates 'откручивать' in a descriptive action sentence.)

• Не закручивай слишком сильно, иначе сломается. (Ne zakruchivay slishkom sil'no, inache slomaetsya.)

  Don't screw it too tightly, or it will break. (Shows 'закручивать' with a warning in a conditional structure.)

• Дети учатся откручивать крышки бутылок. (Deti uchatsya otkruchivat' kryshki butylok.)

  Children are learning to unscrew bottle caps. (Demonstrates 'откручивать' in an educational or everyday context.)

• Закручивание винтов требует точности. (Zakruchivaniye vintov trebuyet tochnosti.)

  Screwing screws requires precision. (Uses the gerund form in a general statement.)

Russian Forms/Inflections:

For nouns like 'винт' and 'шуруп' (both masculine nouns), they follow standard Russian declension patterns for the third declension.

For verbs like 'закручивать' and 'откручивать' (first conjugation imperfective verbs), they conjugate as follows in present tense:

These verbs are regular but require attention to aspect (imperfective).

Russian Synonyms/Antonyms:

• Synonyms:
  • Болт (bolt; similar to 'винт' but for larger fasteners)
  • Крепёж (krepëzh; general term for fastener, more abstract)
  • Завинчивать (zavinchivat'; synonym for 'закручивать' in some contexts)
• Antonyms:
  • Откручивать (for 'закручивать')
  • Развинчивать (razvinchivat'; to disassemble by unscrewing)

Related Phrases:

• Закрутить гайку (Zakrutit' gayku) - To tighten a nut; used in mechanical contexts to mean securing parts.
• Открутить крышку (Otkrutit' kryshku) - To unscrew a lid; common in everyday scenarios like opening jars.
• Винтовой соединение (Vintovoye soyedineniye) - Screw connection; a technical phrase for joined parts via screws.

Usage Notes:

The English word 'screw' corresponds most directly to 'винт' or 'шуруп' as nouns, but context matters—'винт' is more formal and technical, while 'шуруп' is informal. For verbs, 'закручивать' implies a twisting motion to secure, similar to 'to screw in', and is often used in instructions or descriptions. Be cautious with aspect in Russian verbs; 'закручивать' is imperfective, meaning ongoing action, whereas a perfective form like 'закрутить' might be more appropriate for completed actions. In formal writing or technical manuals, prefer 'винт' over 'шуруп'.

Common Errors:

• Confusing 'винт' and 'болт': English learners might use 'винт' for 'bolt', but 'болт' is more accurate for larger fasteners. Error: Saying "винт" for a car bolt. Correct: Use "болт". Explanation: 'Винт' typically implies a smaller, threaded screw.

• Improper verb conjugation: Forgetting palatalization, e.g., saying "закручивает" incorrectly as "закручивает". Error: "Он закручивает винт" (incorrect pronunciation emphasis). Correct: "Он закручивает винт". Explanation: Russian verbs often have palatalized endings that affect pronunciation.

Cultural Notes:

In Russian culture, terms like 'винт' are prevalent in contexts of DIY and engineering, reflecting Russia's industrial heritage. However, 'screw' as slang (e.g., in English for something negative) doesn't directly translate; avoid direct equivalents to prevent misunderstandings in social contexts.

Related Concepts:

• Гайка (nut)
• Болт (bolt)
• Крепление (fastening)
• Инструменты (tools)