Russian Translation(s) & Details for 'scald'

English Word: scald

Key Russian Translations:

• обжечь /ɐbˈʐɛt͡ɕ/ - [Informal, Verb; used for burning with hot liquid or steam]
• ошпарить /ɐʂˈparʲɪtʲ/ - [Formal, Verb; often in medical or precise contexts]
• ожог /ɐˈʐok/ - [Neutral, Noun; refers to the injury itself]

Frequency: Medium (commonly used in everyday language, especially in health, cooking, or accident-related discussions)

Difficulty: B1 (Intermediate; requires understanding of verb conjugations and noun declensions, but basic forms are accessible to learners beyond beginner level)

Pronunciation (Russian):

обжечь: /ɐbˈʐɛt͡ɕ/ (The 'ж' sound is a voiced palatal fricative, similar to 'zh' in 'measure'; stress on the second syllable.)

ошпарить: /ɐʂˈparʲɪtʲ/ (Note on ошпарить: The 'ш' is a voiceless palatal fricative, like 'sh' in 'shoe'; the soft sign 'ь' softens the preceding consonant.)

ожог: /ɐˈʐok/ (Note on ожог: Stress on the first syllable; the 'о' is pronounced as a mid-back rounded vowel.)

Audio: []

Meanings and Usage:

Meaning 1: As a verb, to burn or injure with hot liquid or steam

Translation(s) & Context:

• обжечь - Used in informal contexts, such as kitchen accidents or everyday descriptions.
• ошпарить - Preferred in formal or medical settings, emphasizing the action of scalding with boiling water.

Usage Examples:

• Я обжег руку кипятком, когда наливал чай. (I scalded my hand with boiling water while pouring tea.)

  Translation: I scalded my hand with boiling water while pouring tea. (This example shows the verb in a simple past tense, common in narrative contexts.)

• Не ошпарь себя горячим супом! (Don't scald yourself with the hot soup!)

  Translation: Don't scald yourself with the hot soup! (Illustrates imperative form, used for warnings in daily life.)

• Дети часто обжигают пальцы, играя с кастрюлями. (Children often scald their fingers while playing with pots.)

  Translation: Children often scald their fingers while playing with pots. (Demonstrates habitual action in present tense.)

• Она ошпарила ногу в ванной и сразу пошла к врачу. (She scalded her leg in the bath and went to the doctor right away.)

  Translation: She scalded her leg in the bath and went to the doctor right away. (Shows use in a more formal, health-related context.)

Meaning 2: As a noun, an injury caused by hot liquid or steam

Translation(s) & Context:

• ожог - Neutral term for the burn itself, used in both casual and medical conversations.

Usage Examples:

• У него ожог на руке от горячего кофе. (He has a scald on his hand from hot coffee.)

  Translation: He has a scald on his hand from hot coffee. (Basic nominative use in descriptive sentences.)

• Лечить ожог нужно холодной водой и антисептиком. (Treating a scald requires cold water and antiseptic.)

  Translation: Treating a scald requires cold water and antiseptic. (Shows the noun in an instructional context.)

• Этот ожог заживёт через неделю, если правильно ухаживать. (This scald will heal in a week if cared for properly.)

  Translation: This scald will heal in a week if cared for properly. (Illustrates use with time expressions.)

• Ожог от пара может быть очень болезненным. (A scald from steam can be very painful.)

  Translation: A scald from steam can be very painful. (Emphasizes the cause in explanatory sentences.)

• Врачи классифицируют ожоги по степени тяжести. (Doctors classify scalds by severity.)

  Translation: Doctors classify scalds by severity. (Used in professional or educational contexts.)

Russian Forms/Inflections:

For 'обжечь' (verb, perfective aspect): This is an irregular verb derived from 'жечь'. It follows patterns of second conjugation verbs with some irregularities.

For 'ошпарить' (verb, perfective): Similar to 'обжечь', it is irregular and changes based on aspect and tense.

For 'ожог' (noun, masculine, 2nd declension): It declines regularly as a masculine noun.

Note: These words do not have significant irregularities beyond standard Russian patterns.

Russian Synonyms/Antonyms:

• Synonyms:
  • обварить (similar to ошпарить, but more general)
  • прожечь (implies deeper burning, often with fire)
• Antonyms:
  • заморозить (to freeze)
  • охлаждать (to cool)

Related Phrases:

• Лечить ожог - (To treat a scald; used in first-aid contexts.)
• Обжечься кипятком - (To scald oneself with boiling water; common in safety warnings.)
• Ожог от пара - (Scald from steam; refers to industrial or household accidents.)

Usage Notes:

'Обжечь' and 'ошпарить' are perfective verbs, best used for completed actions, while their imperfective counterparts (e.g., 'жечь') describe ongoing processes. In English, 'scald' as a verb aligns closely with these, but choose 'ошпарить' for formal or precise scenarios like medical reports. As a noun, 'ожог' is straightforward and corresponds directly to 'scald' in injury contexts. Be mindful of aspect in Russian sentences to avoid grammatical errors.

Common Errors:

• Using 'обжечь' interchangeably with 'ожог' without considering part of speech: Error - "Я имею обжечь на руке" (incorrect mix of verb and noun). Correct: "У меня ожог на руке" (Use noun for the injury).
• Misconjugating verbs: Error - "Я обжечу руку" (overgeneralizing future tense). Correct: "Я обожгу руку" (proper future form). Explanation: Russian verbs have specific conjugations; learners often confuse perfective forms.

Cultural Notes:

In Russian culture, scalds and burns are frequently referenced in folklore and proverbs, such as in stories involving samovars or hot banya (sauna) sessions, symbolizing the risks of haste or carelessness in daily life.

Related Concepts:

• переохлаждение (hypothermia)
• ожоговый шок (burn shock)
• термический ожог (thermal burn)