Russian Translation(s) & Details for 'sanitary'

English Word: sanitary

Key Russian Translations:

• санитарный /sɐˈnʲitərnɨj/ - [Formal, used in contexts related to health, hygiene, and public facilities]

Frequency: Medium (Common in medical, public health, and everyday contexts, but not as frequent as basic vocabulary).

Difficulty: B1 (Intermediate, as it involves understanding adjective declensions and specific terminology; learners at this level can grasp it with practice).

Pronunciation (Russian):

санитарный: /sɐˈnʲitərnɨj/

Note on санитарный: The stress is on the third syllable ("ni"), and the "ы" sound (/ɨ/) can be challenging for English speakers, as it's similar to a neutralized vowel. Pronounce it with a soft "n" sound due to palatalization.

Audio: []

Meanings and Usage:

Meaning 1: Relating to cleanliness, hygiene, or sanitation in health and public contexts

Translation(s) & Context:

• санитарный - Used in formal settings like hospitals, public health, or facilities; e.g., in discussions about sanitary conditions or equipment.

Usage Examples:

• В ванной комнате есть санитарные удобства, такие как мыло и полотенца.

  In the bathroom, there are sanitary facilities such as soap and towels.

• Санитарный инспектор проверил условия в ресторане.

  The sanitary inspector checked the conditions in the restaurant.

• Эти санитарные меры помогают предотвратить распространение инфекций.

  These sanitary measures help prevent the spread of infections.

• В общественных местах важно соблюдать санитарные нормы.

  In public places, it's important to adhere to sanitary standards.

• Санитарный дизайн в больнице улучшает гигиену для пациентов.

  The sanitary design in the hospital improves hygiene for patients.

Meaning 2: Pertaining to personal hygiene products (e.g., sanitary napkins)

Translation(s) & Context:

• санитарный - Often used in product descriptions; e.g., for items like sanitary pads in a more general sense, though "гигиенический" might be an alternative in informal contexts.

Usage Examples:

• В аптеке продаются санитарные средства для женщин.

  In the pharmacy, they sell sanitary products for women.

• Санитарные салфетки должны быть в каждой сумке на случай необходимости.

  Sanitary napkins should be in every bag in case of need.

• Производители санитарных товаров акцентируют на экологичности.

  Manufacturers of sanitary products emphasize eco-friendliness.

Russian Forms/Inflections:

"санитарный" is an adjective in Russian, which follows the standard adjective declension patterns. It changes based on gender, number, and case. Below is a table outlining its key forms:

Note: This word does not have irregular forms, making it relatively straightforward for learners once basic adjective rules are understood.

Russian Synonyms/Antonyms:

• Synonyms:
  • гигиенический (more general, often used for personal hygiene; subtle difference: emphasizes cleanliness over institutional settings)
  • чистый (clean; used in everyday contexts, less formal)
• Antonyms:
  • негигиенический (unsanitary, focusing on lack of hygiene)
  • грязный (dirty, more colloquial)

Related Phrases:

• санитарные нормы (sanitary standards; refers to regulations for health and cleanliness in public spaces).
• санитарный контроль (sanitary control; used in inspections and monitoring of hygiene in facilities).
• санитарные удобства (sanitary facilities; common for bathrooms or public amenities, with a focus on accessibility and hygiene).

Usage Notes:

"Санитарный" directly corresponds to "sanitary" in English, particularly in formal or technical contexts like health regulations. It is typically used in written or official language rather than casual conversation. When choosing between translations like "санитарный" and "гигиенический," opt for "санитарный" for institutional or public health scenarios, as it implies a structured, regulatory aspect. Be mindful of declensions based on the noun it modifies, and avoid using it in overly informal settings where "чистый" might suffice.

Common Errors:

• Error: Using "санитарный" without proper declension, e.g., saying "в санитарный комнате" instead of "в санитарной комнате." Correct: Always decline according to the noun's case and gender. Explanation: Russian adjectives must agree with the nouns they describe, which is a common oversight for English speakers used to invariable adjectives.

• Error: Confusing it with "гигиенический" and using it interchangeably. Correct: "Санитарный" is more specific to sanitation systems, while "гигиенический" is broader. Explanation: This can lead to imprecise communication; for example, "гигиенический" might be better for personal care products.

Cultural Notes:

In Russian culture, terms like "санитарный" are heavily influenced by the country's history of public health initiatives, especially during the Soviet era, where sanitation was emphasized in communal living and workplaces. This word often carries connotations of state-mandated standards, reflecting a cultural priority on collective hygiene over individual practices.

Related Concepts:

• гигиена (hygiene)
• медицина (medicine)
• экология (ecology, in the context of environmental sanitation)