Russian Translation(s) & Details for 'retina'

English Word: retina

Key Russian Translations:

• ретина (rʲɪˈtʲinə) - [Formal, Medical term; used in scientific and anatomical contexts]

Frequency: Medium (This term is commonly encountered in medical, scientific, and educational contexts, but not in everyday casual conversation.)

Difficulty: B2 (Intermediate; requires familiarity with basic medical vocabulary and Russian noun declensions, as per CEFR standards.)

Pronunciation (Russian):

ретина: rʲɪˈtʲinə

Note on ретина: The initial 'р' is a rolled alveolar trill, which can be challenging for English speakers. Stress falls on the second syllable, and the 'тʲ' is a palatalized 't' sound, common in Russian. Practice with native speakers for accuracy.

Audio: []

Meanings and Usage:

The light-sensitive layer at the back of the eye, responsible for converting light into neural signals.

Translation(s) & Context:

• ретина - Used primarily in formal medical, anatomical, or educational contexts, such as in textbooks or discussions about ophthalmology.

Usage Examples:

• В глазу человека ретина играет ключевую роль в зрении.

  In the human eye, the retina plays a key role in vision.

• Повреждение ретины может привести к потере зрения.

  Damage to the retina can lead to loss of vision.

• Современные технологии позволяют изучать структуру ретины с помощью сканирования.

  Modern technologies allow for studying the structure of the retina using scanning methods.

• Ретина содержит фоторецепторы, которые реагируют на свет.

  The retina contains photoreceptors that respond to light.

• Врачи часто проверяют ретину во время офтальмологического осмотра.

  Doctors often examine the retina during an ophthalmological check-up.

Russian Forms/Inflections:

"Ретина" is a feminine noun (женский род) in Russian and follows the first declension pattern for most nouns. It is a borrowed word from Latin/Greek via English and does not have irregular forms, but it inflects based on grammatical case and number. Below is a table outlining its basic inflections:

Note: The plural forms are less commonly used, as "retina" typically refers to a singular anatomical feature, but they may appear in contexts discussing multiple eyes or comparative anatomy.

Russian Synonyms/Antonyms:

• Synonyms:
  • сетчатка (sʲɪtʂˈkatka) - A more native Russian term, often used interchangeably in medical contexts; implies a net-like structure.
  • зрительный слой (zritelʲnyj sloj) - Literally "visual layer," used in descriptive or educational settings; less technical than ретина.
• Antonyms:
  • роговичка (rogovička) - Refers to the cornea, the transparent front part of the eye; highlights the opposite structure in ocular anatomy.

Related Phrases:

• Отслоение ретины (Otsloyeniye retiny) - Detachment of the retina; a common medical condition involving separation of the retina from underlying tissue.
• Сканирование ретины (Skanirovaniye retiny) - Retina scanning; refers to diagnostic imaging techniques in ophthalmology.
• Здоровье ретины (Zdorov'ye retiny) - Retina health; used in health discussions or preventive care contexts.

Usage Notes:

In Russian, "ретина" directly corresponds to the English "retina" as a specific anatomical term, making it a straightforward borrowing. It is primarily used in formal or professional settings, such as medicine or biology, and should be avoided in casual conversation to maintain precision. When choosing between synonyms like "сетчатка," opt for "ретина" in international or scientific contexts for clarity. Grammatically, always treat it as a feminine noun and ensure proper declension based on sentence structure. For English learners, note that Russian medical terminology often integrates loanwords like this, which helps in cross-language comparisons.

Common Errors:

• Incorrect declension: English speakers might forget to change the ending, e.g., saying "повреждение ретина" instead of "повреждение ретины" (genitive case). Correct usage: Use the proper case, as in "повреждение ретины," to indicate possession or relationship.

• Confusing with synonyms: Learners often mix "ретина" with "сетчатка," assuming they are identical. While similar, "сетчатка" is more poetic and native, so in formal writing, stick with "ретина" for accuracy. Example of error: Using "сетчатка" in a medical report; correction: Use "ретина" for precision in scientific contexts.

• Pronunciation slips: Omitting the palatalization in "тʲ," making it sound like "retina" in English. Correct: Practice the Russian "тʲ" sound to avoid sounding unnatural.

Cultural Notes:

The term "ретина" is a direct loan from Western medical terminology, reflecting Russia's integration of global scientific advancements. In Russian culture, discussions about eye health, including the retina, are prominent in literature and media, such as in works by authors like Chekhov, who often depicted medical themes. This highlights the cultural emphasis on holistic health and the historical influence of Western medicine on Russian language.

Related Concepts:

• роговица (cornea)
• хрусталик (lens)
• зрительный нерв (optic nerve)