Russian Translation(s) & Details for 'respiration'

English Word: respiration

Key Russian Translations:

• дыхание [dɨˈxanʲɪje] - [Formal, used in medical or scientific contexts]
• респирация [rʲɛspʲɪˈraʦɨjə] - [Formal, technical term in biology or medicine]

Frequency: Medium (commonly used in scientific, medical, and everyday health discussions, but not in casual conversation)

Difficulty: B2 (Intermediate; requires understanding of basic scientific vocabulary and noun declensions. For 'дыхание', it's B2; for 'респирация', it might lean towards B2-C1 due to its loanword nature.)

Pronunciation (Russian):

дыхание: [dɨˈxanʲɪje]

респирация: [rʲɛspʲɪˈraʦɨjə]

Note on дыхание: The 'х' sound is a voiceless velar fricative, which can be challenging for English speakers; it's similar to the 'ch' in Scottish "loch". Pronounce it softly in formal speech.

Note on респирация: This is a borrowed word, so it's pronounced more straightforwardly, but stress the third syllable for accuracy.

Audio: []

Meanings and Usage:

Primary Meaning: The process of inhaling and exhaling air, often in a biological or physiological context.

Translation(s) & Context:

• дыхание - Used in everyday and formal contexts to describe breathing, especially in health, sports, or yoga.
• респирация - Employed in scientific or medical settings, such as biology classes or hospital discussions, to refer to respiratory processes.

Usage Examples:

• Глубокое дыхание помогает успокоить нервы во время стресса.

  Deep breathing helps calm the nerves during stress.

• Врачи мониторят респирацию пациента после операции.

  Doctors monitor the patient's respiration after surgery.

• Йога фокусируется на правильном дыхании для улучшения здоровья.

  Yoga focuses on proper breathing to improve health.

• Нарушение дыхания может быть симптомом серьёзного заболевания.

  Disruption of respiration can be a symptom of a serious illness.

• Ребёнок учится контролировать своё дыхание во время занятий спортом.

  The child learns to control their breathing during sports activities.

Secondary Meaning: In a broader sense, the metabolic process involving gas exchange in organisms.

Translation(s) & Context:

• дыхание - Less common for this meaning; used metaphorically in literature or education.
• респирация - Primary translation in scientific contexts, such as cellular respiration.

Usage Examples:

• Клеточная респирация преобразует глюкозу в энергию.

  Cellular respiration converts glucose into energy.

• Дыхание растений включает поглощение углекислого газа.

  Plant respiration involves absorbing carbon dioxide.

• В биологии мы изучаем процесс респирации у животных.

  In biology, we study the process of respiration in animals.

Russian Forms/Inflections:

'Дыхание' is a neuter noun (3rd declension). It follows standard Russian noun declension patterns. Below is a table of its inflections:

'Респирация' is also a neuter noun but is less inflected in everyday use due to its technical nature. It follows a similar pattern but is often used in singular form without much variation: Nominative: респирация; Genitive: респирации.

Russian Synonyms/Antonyms:

• Synonyms:
  • вдох-выдох (more descriptive, used for the act of breathing)
  • аэробное дыхание (specific to aerobic processes, with a slight scientific nuance)
• Antonyms:
  • удушье (suffocation, implying lack of breath)
  • задержка дыхания (breath-holding, opposite in action)

Related Phrases:

• Глубокое дыхание - Deep breathing (used in relaxation techniques).
• Контроль дыхания - Control of breathing (common in sports or meditation).
• Нарушенная респирация - Disrupted respiration (medical context for irregularities).

Usage Notes:

'Дыхание' is the more general and everyday equivalent of 'respiration' in Russian, suitable for informal or formal settings, while 'респирация' is a direct borrowing from English/Latin, reserved for technical discussions. Choose 'дыхание' for broader audiences and 'респирация' in scientific writing. Be mindful of context: in medical scenarios, 'респирация' pairs well with terms like 'система', but it may sound overly formal in casual speech. Grammatically, both nouns require appropriate declension based on sentence structure.

Common Errors:

• Error: Using 'дыхание' interchangeably with 'респирация' in scientific contexts. Correct: In biology, say "клеточная респирация" instead of "клеточное дыхание" to avoid ambiguity. Explanation: 'Дыхание' can imply simple breathing, while 'респирация' specifies metabolic processes.

• Error: Incorrect declension, e.g., saying "в дыхание" instead of "в дыхании". Correct: Use the prepositional case "в дыхании" for phrases like "in respiration". Explanation: Russian nouns change based on case, and beginners often overlook this.

Cultural Notes:

In Russian culture, 'дыхание' often appears in contexts like yoga, Orthodox meditation, or literature (e.g., in Tolstoy's works, where breathing symbolizes life and spirituality). It reflects a holistic view of health, influenced by Eastern practices adopted in Russia, emphasizing controlled breathing for emotional well-being.

Related Concepts:

• вентиляция
• кровообращение
• метаболизм