Russian Translation(s) & Details for 'resigned'

English Word: resigned

Key Russian Translations:

• уволенный [u.vɐˈlʲen.nɨj] - [Formal, Past Participle, Used in professional or official contexts]
• смирившийся [smʲiˈrʲiv.ʂʲij.sə] - [Informal, Adjective, Used to describe a state of acceptance]

Frequency: Medium (Common in professional, everyday, and literary contexts, but not as frequent as basic verbs like "быть")

Difficulty: B2 (Intermediate, as it involves understanding verb inflections and nuanced adjective forms; for уволенный, it's more advanced due to case variations, while смирившийся is slightly easier for beginners)

Pronunciation (Russian):

уволенный: [u.vɐˈlʲen.nɨj]

Note on уволенный: The stress falls on the third syllable ("lʲen"), which can be tricky for English speakers due to the soft 'l' sound; it may vary slightly in fast speech.

Audio: []

смирившийся: [smʲiˈrʲiv.ʂʲij.sə]

Note on смирившийся: Pay attention to the rolled 'r' and the soft 'i' sound; this word often softens in informal speech, making it sound like [smʲiˈrʲiv.ʂʲijsə].

Audio: []

Meanings and Usage:

Meaning 1: To give up a job, position, or role (as a verb in past tense)

Translation(s) & Context:

• уволенный - Used in formal contexts, such as employment or official resignations, often implying a voluntary departure.

Usage Examples:

• Он уволенный из компании после скандала. (He resigned from the company after the scandal.)

  He resigned from the company after the scandal.

• Менеджер уволенный добровольно, чтобы избежать увольнения. (The manager resigned voluntarily to avoid being fired.)

  The manager resigned voluntarily to avoid being fired.

• После неудачи проекта, она уволенная и начала новый бизнес. (After the project failed, she resigned and started a new business.)

  After the project failed, she resigned and started a new business.

• В письме он написал, что уволенный по собственному желанию. (In the letter, he wrote that he resigned of his own accord.)

  In the letter, he wrote that he resigned of his own accord.

Meaning 2: To accept something inevitable with patience or resignation (as an adjective)

Translation(s) & Context:

• смирившийся - Used in informal or emotional contexts to describe a mindset of quiet acceptance, often in personal or philosophical discussions.

Usage Examples:

• Смирившийся с судьбой, он продолжил жить спокойно. (Resigned to his fate, he continued living peacefully.)

  Resigned to his fate, he continued living peacefully.

• Она смирившаяся женщина, которая не жалуется на трудности. (She is a resigned woman who doesn't complain about hardships.)

  She is a resigned woman who doesn't complain about hardships.

• В старости люди часто становятся смирившимися с изменениями. (In old age, people often become resigned to changes.)

  In old age, people often become resigned to changes.

• Смирившийся ребенок ждал, пока родители вернутся. (The resigned child waited for the parents to return.)

  The resigned child waited for the parents to return.

• После поражения, смирившийся лидер признал ошибки. (After the defeat, the resigned leader acknowledged the mistakes.)

  After the defeat, the resigned leader acknowledged the mistakes.

Russian Forms/Inflections:

For уволенный (past passive participle/adjective): This is an adjective that inflects based on gender, number, and case, following standard Russian adjective patterns. It is regular but requires attention to agreement with nouns.

For смирившийся (past active participle/adjective): This is an adjective that also inflects for gender, number, and case. It is regular but can vary in reflexive forms.

Both words are invariable in terms of stress patterns but must agree with the nouns they modify.

Russian Synonyms/Antonyms:

• Synonyms: ушедший (left, departed; more neutral), подавший в отставку (submitted resignation; formal for official contexts)
• Antonyms: нанятый (hired, employed; implies the opposite action)

Related Phrases:

• Подать в отставку - A formal phrase meaning "to resign from a position," often used in governmental or professional settings.
• Смириться с реальностью - Meaning "to become resigned to reality," used in personal development or philosophical contexts to describe acceptance.
• Увольнительное письмо - Refers to "a resignation letter," a common document in employment scenarios.

Usage Notes:

In Russian, "уволенный" directly corresponds to the English "resigned" in job contexts but implies a completed action, so it's often used in past narratives. Choose "смирившийся" for emotional resignation, as it conveys a deeper sense of acceptance without protest. Be mindful of gender agreement: use masculine forms for male subjects and feminine for female. In formal writing, prefer full phrases like "подать в отставку" over single words for clarity.

Common Errors:

• Mistake: Using "уволенный" interchangeably with "уволен" (fired, involuntary). Correct: "уволенный" implies voluntary resignation; example: Wrong - "Он уволен по своей воле" (implies firing); Right - "Он уволенный по своей воле."
• Mistake: Forgetting gender agreement in "смирившийся," e.g., using masculine with a feminine noun. Correct: Adjust to "смирившаяся" for females; example: Wrong - "Смирившийся женщина"; Right - "Смирившаяся женщина" because it must match the noun's gender.

Cultural Notes:

In Russian culture, resignation (e.g., "уволенный") often carries a connotation of personal integrity or protest, as seen in historical contexts like Soviet-era dissidents resigning from positions. "Смирившийся" reflects the Slavic philosophical tradition of endurance, influenced by literature like Tolstoy's works, where characters accept fate stoically.

Related Concepts:

• отставка
• принятие
• увольнение