Russian Translation(s) & Details for 'repeal'

English Word: repeal

Key Russian Translations:

• отменить [ɐtˈmʲenʲɪtʲ] - [Formal, Verb; Used in legal, official, or administrative contexts]
• отмена [ɐtˈmʲenə] - [Formal, Noun; Used when referring to the act of repealing, e.g., in discussions of policy changes]
• упразднить [ʊprɐˈznʲɪtʲ] - [Formal, Verb; Used specifically for abolishing institutions or structures, which can overlap with repeal in legal contexts]

Frequency: Medium (Common in legal, political, and formal writing; less frequent in everyday conversation)

Difficulty: B2 (Intermediate; Involves understanding verb conjugations and noun declensions, which can vary by translation. For 'отменить' as a verb, it's B2; for 'отмена' as a noun, it's B1.)

Pronunciation (Russian):

отменить: [ɐtˈmʲenʲɪtʲ] (Stress on the second syllable; the 'мʲ' indicates a palatalized 'm' sound, which is a common feature in Russian verbs.)

отмена: [ɐtˈmʲenə] (Stress on the second syllable; note the soft ending typical of feminine nouns.)

упразднить: [ʊprɐˈznʲɪtʲ] (Stress on the third syllable; pay attention to the 'знʲ' for proper palatalization.)

Note on отменить: This verb has a soft consonant cluster that can be tricky for English speakers; practice the 'мʲ' sound as in 'million' in English, but softer.

Note on отмена: The final 'a' sound is reduced in casual speech, often sounding like [ə].

Audio: []

Meanings and Usage:

Meaning 1: To revoke or annul a law, agreement, or decision formally.

Translation(s) & Context:

• отменить - Used in formal legal or governmental contexts, such as parliament discussions or official decrees.
• упразднить - Applied when the repeal involves dismantling an institution, often in bureaucratic or reformative settings.

Usage Examples:

• Правительство решило отменить устаревший закон о налогах.

  The government decided to repeal the outdated tax law.

• Суд отменил решение суда первой инстанции по делу.

  The court repealed the decision of the lower court in the case.

• Парламент упразднил старые правила, чтобы упростить бюрократию.

  The parliament repealed the old rules to simplify bureaucracy.

• После протестов отмена запрета на митинги была объявлена немедленно.

  After the protests, the repeal of the ban on rallies was announced immediately.

• В новой конституции планируется отменить несколько статей из старой редакции.

  In the new constitution, several articles from the old version are planned to be repealed.

Meaning 2: The act or process of revoking something, often as a noun.

Translation(s) & Context:

• отмена - Used in contexts discussing the result or process of repeal, such as in news reports or legal analyses.

Usage Examples:

• Отмена закона вызвала бурные дебаты в обществе.

  The repeal of the law sparked heated debates in society.

• После отмены соглашения стороны вернулись к переговорам.

  After the repeal of the agreement, the parties returned to negotiations.

• Отмена ограничений на импорт открыла новые возможности для бизнеса.

  The repeal of import restrictions opened new opportunities for business.

Russian Forms/Inflections:

For 'отменить' (a verb of the first conjugation), it follows regular patterns but has palatalized consonants. Here's a table for its present tense forms:

For past tense: отменял (masc.), отменяла (fem.), etc. It is regular but requires aspect consideration (perfective: отменить; imperfective: отменять).

For 'отмена' (a feminine noun, first declension), it declines as follows:

'упразднить' follows similar verb patterns to 'отменить' and is not irregular.

Russian Synonyms/Antonyms:

• Synonyms:
  • упразднить (similar but emphasizes complete abolition)
  • аннулировать (used in contractual contexts, more formal)
  • ликвидировать (implies total elimination, often for organizations)
• Antonyms:
  • ввести (to introduce)
  • принять (to adopt or enact)
  • утвердить (to confirm or establish)

Related Phrases:

• отменить решение - (To repeal a decision; Used in judicial or administrative contexts to reverse a prior ruling.)
• отмена закона - (Repeal of a law; Common in political discourse for discussing legislative changes.)
• упразднить систему - (To repeal a system; Refers to abolishing an entire framework, like a government system.)

Usage Notes:

'Отменить' directly corresponds to 'repeal' in legal English but is more versatile in Russian, often used for canceling events or decisions. It's typically formal; in everyday speech, opt for simpler verbs like 'отменить' over 'упразднить'. When choosing between translations, use 'отменить' for general repeal and 'упразднить' for institutional changes. Grammatically, ensure correct verb aspect: 'отменить' is perfective (completed action), while 'отменять' is imperfective (ongoing). In passive constructions, Russian often uses the verb with auxiliary words like 'быть отменено'.

Common Errors:

• Mistake: Using 'отменить' in the wrong tense, e.g., saying "Я отменю вчера" instead of "Я отменил вчера" for past actions. Correct: "Я отменил вчера" – Explanation: Russian verbs must match the time frame; always conjugate based on person, number, and tense.
• Mistake: Confusing 'отменить' with 'отмена' by using the noun as a verb, e.g., "Отмена закон" instead of "Отменить закон". Correct: "Отменить закон" – Explanation: 'Отмена' is a noun and needs proper sentence structure; use the verb form for actions.
• Mistake: Overusing 'упразднить' in non-institutional contexts, e.g., "Я упраздню ужин" (incorrect for canceling dinner). Correct: "Я отменю ужин" – Explanation: 'Упразднить' is specific to formal abolition, not casual cancellation.

Cultural Notes:

In Russian culture and history, terms like 'отмена' often relate to significant political reforms, such as the repeal of serfdom in 1861 under Tsar Alexander II. This reflects Russia's tradition of top-down legislative changes, where repealing laws can symbolize modernization or social upheaval, emphasizing the word's weight in contexts like the Soviet era dissolutions.

Related Concepts:

• закон (law)
• решение (decision)
• конституция (constitution)
• реформа (reform)