Russian Translation(s) & Details for 'regurgitate'

English Word: regurgitate

Key Russian Translations:

• Изрыгать /ɪzˈrɨɡətʲ/ - [Formal, Biological context]
• Повторять /pɐvˈto.rʲɪtʲ/ - [Informal, Metaphorical, Everyday speech]

Frequency: Low (These words are not commonly used in casual conversation; 'Повторять' may appear in educational contexts, while 'Изрыгать' is mostly scientific or rare.)

Difficulty: B2 for 'Повторять' (Intermediate, as it involves basic verb conjugation); C1 for 'Изрыгать' (Advanced, due to its specialized and less common usage in Russian)

Pronunciation (Russian):

Изрыгать: /ɪzˈrɨɡətʲ/

Note on Изрыгать: This verb has a strong emphasis on the second syllable; it can vary slightly in rapid speech, potentially sounding like /ɪz.rɨˈɡatʲ/ in informal dialects.

Audio: []

Повторять: /pɐvˈto.rʲɪtʲ/

Note on Повторять: The 'рʲ' sound is a palatalized 'r', which can be challenging for English speakers; stress is on the second syllable, and it softens in connected speech.

Audio: []

Meanings and Usage:

Biological sense: To expel food or substances from the stomach, often involuntarily.

Translation(s) & Context:

• Изрыгать - Used in formal, medical, or scientific contexts, such as describing animal behavior or digestive processes.

Usage Examples:

• Кошка изрыгала комок шерсти после еды.

  The cat regurgitated a hairball after eating. (This example shows the verb in a simple past tense, describing a natural animal action.)

• В некоторых животных изрыгать пищу — это нормальный процесс пищеварения.

  In some animals, regurgitating food is a normal part of digestion. (Here, it's used in a general, explanatory context.)

• Доктор объяснил, почему пациент начал изрыгать содержимое желудка.

  The doctor explained why the patient started regurgitating stomach contents. (Demonstrates use in a medical scenario with a dependent clause.)

• Изрыгать яд — это защитный механизм у некоторых змей.

  Regurgitating poison is a defense mechanism in some snakes. (Illustrates metaphorical extension in wildlife descriptions.)

Metaphorical sense: To repeat information mechanically or without full understanding, often in an educational or rote manner.

Translation(s) & Context:

• Повторять - Commonly used in informal or everyday contexts, such as learning or criticism of unoriginal speech.

Usage Examples:

• Студент просто повторял факты из учебника, не понимая их сути.

  The student was just regurgitating facts from the textbook without understanding their essence. (This shows the verb in a present tense, critiquing rote learning.)

• В дебатах он повторял чужие аргументы, как попугай.

  In the debate, he was regurgitating others' arguments like a parrot. (Example in a social context, with a simile for emphasis.)

• Она повторяла урок, но не могла применить знания на практике.

  She was regurgitating the lesson but couldn't apply the knowledge in practice. (Illustrates imperfective aspect in Russian, showing ongoing repetition.)

• Повторять старые шутки на вечеринке — это скучно.

  Regurgitating old jokes at a party is boring. (Used in an infinitive form to express a general opinion.)

Russian Forms/Inflections:

Both 'Изрыгать' and 'Повторять' are Russian verbs, primarily imperfective, and follow standard conjugation patterns for first-conjugation verbs. 'Изрыгать' is less common and can be irregular in some dialects, while 'Повторять' is more regular.

Note: These verbs do not change for gender in the past tense but do inflect for person, number, and tense as shown. 'Изрыгать' is invariant in some fixed phrases and rarely used in perfective forms.

Russian Synonyms/Antonyms:

• Synonyms: For 'Изрыгать' - Вырвать (to vomit); For 'Повторять' - Перепевать (to parrot), Цитировать (to quote mechanically). Note: 'Перепевать' implies musical repetition, adding a nuance of imitation.
• Antonyms: For 'Изрыгать' - Проглатывать (to swallow); For 'Повторять' - Творить (to create/originate), Забывать (to forget).

Related Phrases:

• Изрыгать пищу - Regurgitating food (Used in biological or medical contexts to describe digestive processes.)
• Повторять как попугай - Regurgitating like a parrot (A common idiomatic phrase for mindless repetition in conversations or learning.)
• Изрыгать яд - Regurgitating poison (Refers to defense mechanisms in animals, with a metaphorical extension to toxic behaviors.)

Usage Notes:

'Изрыгать' directly corresponds to the biological meaning of 'regurgitate' and is best used in formal or scientific English contexts, avoiding casual speech where it might sound overly dramatic. 'Повторять' aligns with the metaphorical sense and is more versatile in everyday Russian, but English users should note its imperfective aspect, which emphasizes ongoing action—pair it with adverbs like 'механически' for precision. When choosing between translations, opt for 'Повторять' in educational scenarios and 'Изрыгать' for literal descriptions; be mindful of Russian's aspect system, as perfective forms (e.g., 'Вырвать') might be needed for completed actions.

Common Errors:

• English learners often confuse 'Повторять' with 'Повторить' (the perfective form), using it incorrectly for one-time actions. Error: "Я повторял урок вчера" (incorrect if implying completion); Correct: "Я повторил урок вчера". Explanation: Russian verbs have aspect; use perfective for finished events.
• Another mistake is over-literal translation: Saying 'Изрыгать' in metaphorical contexts, like "Он изрыгает информацию", which sounds awkward. Correct: Use 'Повторять' instead, as in "Он повторяет информацию". Explanation: 'Изрыгать' is biologically specific and can come across as vulgar if misused.

Cultural Notes:

In Russian culture, 'Повторять как попугай' reflects a common critique of rote learning in education, stemming from Soviet-era emphasis on memorization over critical thinking. This phrase highlights a cultural value for originality, contrasting with Western approaches that might celebrate 'regurgitation' in testing scenarios.

Related Concepts:

• Вырвать
• Перепевать
• Цитировать
• Проглатывать