Russian Translation(s) & Details for 'regression'

English Word: regression

Key Russian Translations:

• регрессия [rʲɪˈɡrʲesʲɪjə] - [Formal, Technical]
• регресс [rʲɪˈɡres] - [Formal, Less Common, Used in Legal or Psychological Contexts]

Frequency: Medium (Common in academic, scientific, and technical fields, but less frequent in everyday conversation.)

Difficulty: B2-C1 (Intermediate to Advanced; requires familiarity with technical terminology and Russian noun declensions. For 'регрессия', it's B2; for 'регресс', it's C1 due to its specialized usage.)

Pronunciation (Russian):

регрессия: [rʲɪˈɡrʲesʲɪjə]

регресс: [rʲɪˈɡres]

Note on регрессия: The stress is on the third syllable (си), which can be tricky for English speakers due to the palatalized 'r' sound. Pronounce it with a soft 'r' as in "ring".

Note on регресс: Similar to 'регрессия', but shorter; focus on the clear 's' sound at the end.

Audio: []

Meanings and Usage:

Meaning 1: Statistical or Mathematical Regression (e.g., a predictive relationship between variables)

Translation(s) & Context:

• регрессия - Used in formal academic or scientific contexts, such as data analysis or modeling.
• регресс - Occasionally used in broader contexts, like regression in machine learning, but less precise here.

Usage Examples:

• В статистике регрессия используется для предсказания будущих тенденций на основе исторических данных.

  In statistics, regression is used to predict future trends based on historical data.

• Анализ регрессии показал сильную корреляцию между переменными.

  Regression analysis showed a strong correlation between the variables.

• Модель линейной регрессии помогает в прогнозировании экономических показателей.

  The linear regression model helps in forecasting economic indicators.

• Применение регрессии в исследованиях позволяет выявить скрытые закономерности.

  The application of regression in research allows for identifying hidden patterns.

• Без правильной регрессии данные могут привести к ошибочным выводам.

  Without proper regression, data can lead to erroneous conclusions.

Meaning 2: Psychological Regression (e.g., reverting to earlier behavior or stages)

Translation(s) & Context:

• регрессия - Used in psychological or developmental contexts, often in formal discussions.
• регресс - More common in psychoanalytic contexts, implying a backward step in development.

Usage Examples:

• Психологическая регрессия может проявляться в детском поведении у взрослых под стрессом.

  Psychological regression can manifest as childish behavior in adults under stress.

• В терапии регрессия рассматривается как механизм защиты.

  In therapy, regression is viewed as a defense mechanism.

• Регресс в развитии ребенка часто связан с травматическими событиями.

  Regression in a child's development is often linked to traumatic events.

Russian Forms/Inflections:

'Регрессия' is a feminine noun (from Latin origin) and follows the standard first declension pattern for Russian nouns. It changes based on case and number. 'Регресс' is also a masculine noun and inflects similarly but with masculine endings.

Note: These words do not have irregular inflections, making them straightforward for learners once basic declension rules are understood.

Russian Synonyms/Antonyms:

• Synonyms:
  • возврат (vozvrat) - Implies a return or reversal, often in non-technical contexts.
  • откат (otkat) - Used informally for regression in progress or development.
• Antonyms:
  • прогресс (progress) - Direct opposite, indicating advancement.
  • развитие (razvitie) - General term for development or growth.

Related Phrases:

• Линейная регрессия - Linear regression; used in statistical modeling to predict outcomes based on linear relationships.
• Множественная регрессия - Multiple regression; involves more than one independent variable in predictions.
• Регрессия в психоанализе - Regression in psychoanalysis; refers to reverting to earlier psychological stages.

Usage Notes:

'Регрессия' directly corresponds to the English 'regression' in technical fields like statistics, where it's a formal term. Use it in academic writing or professional discussions. 'Регресс' is more versatile but less common; choose based on context—opt for 'регрессия' in scientific settings and 'регресс' in legal ones. Be mindful of Russian's grammatical gender: 'регрессия' is feminine, affecting adjectives and verbs (e.g., "эта регрессия важна" – this regression is important). In informal speech, avoid these terms unless in specialized conversations.

Common Errors:

• Error: Using 'регрессия' without proper declension, e.g., saying "в регрессия" instead of "в регрессии". Correct: Always decline based on case, as in "анализ регрессии" (genitive). Explanation: Russian requires nouns to agree in case, which English speakers often overlook.

• Error: Confusing 'регрессия' with 'регресс' in statistical contexts, leading to misuse like "регресс анализа". Correct: Use 'регрессия' for statistical regression. Explanation: 'Регресс' implies a broader or legal reversal, so context is key to avoid ambiguity.

Cultural Notes:

In Russian culture and academia, terms like 'регрессия' are heavily influenced by Western scientific traditions, particularly from English and German sources. It's not culturally specific but reflects Russia's emphasis on mathematics and psychology in education, where such concepts are taught early in STEM fields.

Related Concepts:

• корреляция (correlation)
• анализ данных (data analysis)
• прогрессия (progression)