Russian Translation(s) & Details for 'proton'

English Word: proton

Key Russian Translations:

• протон [prɐˈton] - [Formal, Scientific]

Frequency: Medium (Primarily used in scientific, educational, and technical contexts; not everyday conversation but common in specialized fields.)

Difficulty: B2 (Intermediate - Requires familiarity with scientific vocabulary and basic Russian noun declensions; suitable for learners with intermediate knowledge of Russian grammar.)

Pronunciation (Russian):

протон: [prɐˈton]

Note on протон: The stress falls on the second syllable ('то́н'). Pronunciation may vary slightly by regional accent, but this is the standard Moscow variant. Pay attention to the rolled 'r' sound, which is common in Russian.

Audio: []

Meanings and Usage:

Meaning: A subatomic particle with a positive electric charge, found in the nucleus of an atom.

Translation(s) & Context:

• протон - Used in formal scientific discussions, physics textbooks, or educational settings to directly translate 'proton'. Context: Technical and academic environments, such as lectures or research papers.

Usage Examples:

• В ядре атома содержится протон и нейтрон.

  In the nucleus of an atom, there is a proton and a neutron.

• Учёные изучают, как протоны перемещаются в ускорителе частиц.

  Scientists are studying how protons move in a particle accelerator.

• Протон имеет положительный заряд, в отличие от электрона.

  A proton has a positive charge, unlike an electron.

• В модели атома Резерфорда протон играет ключевую роль.

  In Rutherford's atomic model, the proton plays a key role.

• Каждый протон в ядре определяет атомный номер элемента.

  Each proton in the nucleus determines the atomic number of the element.

Russian Forms/Inflections:

протон is a masculine noun of the first declension in Russian. It follows regular patterns for most cases but has no irregularities. Below is a table outlining its inflections based on case and number:

Note: The plural form is used when referring to multiple protons. This noun does not change in gender and is invariant in most compound words or phrases.

Russian Synonyms/Antonyms:

• Synonyms:
  • протонный заряд (proton charge) - Refers specifically to the charge aspect, used in more detailed scientific contexts.
  • атомное ядро частица (atomic nucleus particle) - A descriptive synonym, less precise but used in educational explanations.
• Antonyms:
  • электрон (electron) - Opposite in charge and role in atomic structure.
  • нейтрон (neutron) - Neutral particle, contrasting with the charged proton.

Related Phrases:

• протонный ускоритель - A particle accelerator; used in physics experiments to study subatomic particles.
• атомное ядро с протонами - Atomic nucleus with protons; refers to the structure of atoms in chemistry contexts.
• протон-нейтронное соотношение - Proton-neutron ratio; a key concept in nuclear stability, often discussed in advanced science.

Usage Notes:

In Russian, 'протон' directly corresponds to the English 'proton' and is used almost exclusively in scientific or technical contexts. It is a formal term, so avoid it in casual conversation. When using in sentences, ensure proper declension based on the grammatical case (e.g., use genitive 'протона' after prepositions like 'из'). For learners, note that Russian scientific vocabulary often borrows from English, so 'протон' is straightforward, but always pair it with appropriate context to distinguish from similar terms. If multiple translations exist, 'протон' is the most precise; use alternatives like 'протонный заряд' only when emphasizing specific attributes.

Common Errors:

• Error: Incorrect declension, e.g., using 'протон' in the dative case instead of 'протону'. Incorrect: "Я даю протон" (wrong for "I give to the proton"). Correct: "Я даю протону". Explanation: Russian nouns must agree in case; this mistake often occurs with English speakers who overlook case endings.

• Error: Confusing with 'электрон' or 'нейтрон', leading to misuse in definitions. Incorrect: "Протон имеет отрицательный заряд" (false, as it has a positive charge). Correct: "Протон имеет положительный заряд". Explanation: Ensure accurate recall of physical properties to avoid conceptual errors in scientific writing.

• Error: Forgetting stress in pronunciation, e.g., saying [prɐ'ton] without the correct emphasis. Explanation: This can lead to misunderstandings; practice with native audio to master the stress on the second syllable.

Cultural Notes:

The term 'протон' is deeply rooted in Russian scientific history, influenced by Soviet-era physics advancements, such as those by scientists like Andrei Sakharov. In Russian culture, science education emphasizes atomic structure early in schooling, making 'протон' a symbol of national pride in fields like nuclear physics. However, it lacks strong cultural idioms, remaining a neutral technical term.

Related Concepts:

• электрон
• нейтрон
• атомное ядро
• частица