Russian Translation(s) & Details for 'proportional'

English Word: proportional

Key Russian Translations:

• пропорциональный /prə.pɐr.t͡sɪ.ɐˈnalʲ.nɨj/ - [Formal, used in technical or academic contexts]

Frequency: Medium (Common in scientific, mathematical, and technical discussions, but less frequent in everyday conversation)

Difficulty: B2 (Intermediate, as it involves abstract concepts and requires familiarity with Russian adjective inflections; suitable for learners with a basic grasp of grammar)

Pronunciation (Russian):

пропорциональный: /prə.pɐr.t͡sɪ.ɐˈnalʲ.nɨj/

Note on пропорциональный: The stress falls on the fourth syllable ("-nal-"), which can be tricky for English speakers due to the soft 'l' sound (palatalized). Pronunciation may vary slightly in fast speech.

Audio: []

Meanings and Usage:

Corresponding in size, degree, or ratio

Translation(s) & Context:

• пропорциональный - Used in contexts involving mathematics, physics, or comparisons where elements are in balance or scale, such as in equations or measurements. This is the most direct equivalent in formal writing or speech.

Usage Examples:

• В математике пропорциональные величины всегда сохраняют своё соотношение.

  In mathematics, proportional quantities always maintain their ratio.

• Этот налог является пропорциональным доходу, что делает его справедливым для всех слоёв населения.

  This tax is proportional to income, making it fair for all segments of the population.

• Пропорциональный рост экономики зависит от инвестиций в образование и технологии.

  The proportional growth of the economy depends on investments in education and technology.

• В искусстве пропорциональный дизайн элементов помогает создать гармоничный общий вид.

  In art, proportional design of elements helps create a harmonious overall appearance.

• Если давление пропорционально объёму, то изменения можно предсказать с помощью формул.

  If pressure is proportional to volume, changes can be predicted using formulas.

Russian Forms/Inflections:

"Пропорциональный" is an adjective in Russian, which means it inflects based on gender, number, and case. It follows the standard pattern for adjectives ending in -ый/-ий, with regular changes. Below is a table outlining its key inflections:

Note: This adjective is regular and does not have irregular forms, making it straightforward for learners once the basic patterns are understood.

Russian Synonyms/Antonyms:

• Synonyms:
  • соразмерный (similar in size or scale, often used interchangeably in everyday contexts)
  • пропорциональный (exact match, but can imply more mathematical precision)
• Antonyms:
  • непропорциональный (uneven or disproportionate, highlighting imbalance)
  • несоразмерный (not in proportion, often in physical or visual contexts)

Related Phrases:

• пропорциональное распределение - Proportional distribution (refers to dividing resources or data in a balanced ratio)
• пропорциональный рост - Proportional growth (used in economics to describe scaled increases)
• пропорциональный налог - Proportional tax (a tax system where the rate is based on income levels)

Usage Notes:

"Пропорциональный" directly corresponds to the English "proportional" in formal and technical contexts, such as mathematics or science, but English speakers should note its inflection requirements in Russian sentences. For example, always adjust the ending based on the noun's gender and case. It's typically used in written or academic Russian rather than casual speech; in informal settings, simpler alternatives like "соответствующий" might be preferred. When choosing between translations, opt for "пропорциональный" for precise, quantitative relationships.

• Grammar tip: Always ensure agreement with the noun it modifies.
• Context guidance: Avoid in poetic or highly idiomatic language, where more expressive words might be used.

Common Errors:

• Error: Forgetting to inflect the adjective, e.g., using "пропорциональный" with a feminine noun without changing to "пропорциональная". Correct: Instead of saying "Эта величина пропорциональный", say "Эта величина пропорциональная". Explanation: Russian adjectives must agree in gender, number, and case, unlike English adjectives which remain unchanged.

• Error: Confusing it with "пропорционально" (an adverb), e.g., using it as an adjective. Correct: Use "пропорциональный" for adjectival forms and "пропорционально" for adverbial ones, as in "Изменяется пропорционально". Explanation: This mix-up can alter the sentence structure and meaning.

Cultural Notes:

In Russian culture and education, "пропорциональный" is frequently encountered in STEM fields, reflecting Russia's strong emphasis on mathematics and engineering traditions dating back to the Soviet era. It embodies a rational, balanced approach often valued in Russian scientific discourse, but it lacks specific cultural idioms or historical connotations.

Related Concepts:

• пропорция (proportion)
• соотношение (ratio)
• баланс (balance)